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Exploring Matter: Characteristics and States

Understand the nature of matter, its composition, and states. Learn about physical properties, densities, and the classification of substances. Explore mixtures, elements, compounds, and the Periodic Table.

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Exploring Matter: Characteristics and States

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  1. ChemistryMatter and Change Objectives: Identify the characteristics of matter and substances, Differentiate among the three states of matter, Define physical property and list several common physical properties of substances.

  2. What is matter?

  3. What is matter? • Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space • Matter with a uniform and definite composition is called a substance • Substances only contain one kind of matter • Mass – the amount of matter an object contains • What has more mass – my desk or yours? • Volume and weight • What is density?

  4. States of Matter • What are the three states of matter? • What three forms does water exist in? (water, ice, steam) • Solid water – (ice) – has a definite shape and volume • Particles are packed tightly together • Makes a solid almost incompressible • Expands only slightly when heated • Liquid – (water) – takes the shape of the container, constant volume • Particles are in close contact, but not rigidly packed together • Makes a liquid almost incompressible • Expands moderately when heated

  5. States of Matter (continued) • Gases (water vapor) – takes the shape and volume of the container • Particles are spaced far apart • Easily compressible • Gasesrefer to those substances that are in a gaseous state at room temperature • Vaporrefers to substances that are normally a solid or a liquid at room temperature

  6. States of Matter Properties

  7. Classification definitions • Define mixture: A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties. • Define homogeneous: A substance that is uniform in composition. • Define heterogeneous: A substance that is not uniform throughout.

  8. Classification definitions (continued) • Define pure substance: A pure substance has a fixed composition and differs from a mixture. • Define element: An element cannot be broken down (decomposed). • Define compound: A compound can be broken down (decomposed).

  9. What is it? Matter No Yes Can it be separated? Mixture Pure Substance No Yes No Yes Uniform? Decomposed? Compound Element Homogeneous Heterogeneous

  10. The Periodic Table

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