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Chemistry of Matter

Chemistry of Matter. 8th Grade Science School Year 2003-2004 Luther Burbank School Mr. Frank Canzolino Room 204. 8 th Grade Science. Week 8.1 Day 35 Monday October 13, 2003. School Holiday. Columbus Day. 8 th Grade Science. Week 8.2 Day 36 Tuesday October 14, 2003.

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Chemistry of Matter

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  1. Chemistry of Matter 8th Grade Science School Year 2003-2004 Luther Burbank School Mr. Frank Canzolino Room 204 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  2. 8th Grade Science • Week 8.1 • Day 35 • Monday • October 13, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  3. School Holiday • Columbus Day Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  4. 8th Grade Science • Week 8.2 • Day 36 • Tuesday • October 14, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  5. Introduction to the characteristics of chemical reactions Chemical reactions always produce a change in properties and energy of the substances involved Reactants and Products Breaking and reforming chemical bonds to form new substances with different chemical and physical properties and amounts of energy Depends on number of valence electrons Collision of particles of the reactants determine the rate of chemical reaction Where We’re Going:Nature of Chemical Reactions Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  6. Chemical equations are used to represent chemical reactions Elements are represented by symbols and compounds are represented by formula Chemical equations represent the conservation of mass Chemical equations can be used to represent the changes that occur during chemical reactions Mass is always conserved during a chemical reaction Where We’re GoingChemical Equations Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  7. Four types of chemical reactions Synthesis Decomposition Single replacement Double replacement Opposite of synthesis reaction is decomposition reaction Bonds are broken and reformed Shared characteristics Reactants change to products Where We’re GoingTypes of Chemical Reactions Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  8. Chemical reactions can be classified according to energy changes Exothermic reactions Energy is released Endothermic reactions Energy is absorbed Energy of reactants change during a chemical reaction Reactants must reach the activation energy before the products can form The effect of energy can be shown on a diagram Where We’re GoingEnergy of Chemical Reactions Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  9. Factors influencing chemical reactions Concentration of reactants Surface area of solid reactants Temperature Catalyst Increasing the temperature, concentration or surface area of reactants usually increases the reaction rate Catalysts decrease activation energy Where We’re GoingRates of Chemical Reaction Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  10. Types of Chemical Reactions • There are four general types of chemical reaction • Synthesis • A + B –> C • Decomposition • C –> A + B • Single Replacement • A + BX –> AX + B • Double Replacement • AX + BY –> AY + BX Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  11. Synthesis • Two or more simple substances combine to form a new substance • A + B –> C • 2Na + Cl2 –> 2NaCl • Examples • Corrosion of metal • Burning Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  12. Decomposition • A complex substance breaks down to form two or more simple substances • C –> A + B • H2CO3 –> H2O + CO2 • Fizz in soda is a decomposition reaction Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  13. Single Replacement • An uncombined element replaces an element that is part of a compound • A + BX –> AX + B • 2Na + 2H2O –> 2NaOH + H2 • Explosion hazard, do not try at home • Most single replacement reactions do not cause explosions Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  14. Double Replacement • Different elements in two different compounds replace each other • AX + BY –> AY + BX • MgCO3 + 2HCl –> MgCl2 + H2CO3 • This is what happens when you use Rolaids • Can you figure out why you burp? Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  15. Double Replacement • Different elements in two different compounds replace each other • AX + BY –> AY + BX • MgCO3 + 2HCl –> MgCl2 + H2CO3 • This is what happens when you use Rolaids • Can you figure out why you burp? • You burp because the H2CO2 undergoes a decomposition reaction • H2CO3 –> H2O + CO2 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  16. Chemical ReactionsLaboratory • Laboratory Work Sheet Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  17. 8th Grade Science • Week 8.3 • Day 37 • Wednesday • October 15, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  18. 8th Grade Science • Week 8.4 • Day 38 • Thursday • October 16, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  19. 8th Grade Science • Week 8.5 • Day 39 • Friday • October 17, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  20. Chemical Reactions • Laboratory Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  21. Chemical Bonding Ionic Bonding Covalent Bonding Metallic Bonding Chemical Reaction Reactant Product Bonding Capacity Chemical Equation Conservation of Mass Balanced Chemical Equations Chemical ReactionsVocabulary Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  22. Synthesis Reaction Decomposition Reaction Single Replacement Reaction Double Replacement Reaction Exothermic Reaction Endothermic Reaction Activation Energy Collision Theory Concentration Effects Surface Area Effects Temperature Effects Catalysts Chemical ReactionsVocabulary Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  23. 8th Grade Science • Week 9.1 • Day 40 • Monday • October 20, 2003 Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  24. Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  25. Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  26. Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

  27. Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

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  29. Chemistry Chapter 2–Week 7.ppt

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