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Matter and the Study of Chemistry

Matter and the Study of Chemistry.

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Matter and the Study of Chemistry

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  1. Matter and the Study of Chemistry

  2. Matter: Anything that has mass and takes up spaceAll matter is composed of chemicalsCharacteristics:Mass vs. weightMass is amount of matterWeight is the force of gravity on an objectInertia – resistance to change in motionEnergy – ability to do work (potential and kinetic)

  3. The Law of Conservation of EnergyThe Law of Conservation of Matter

  4. Example: waterComposition: hydrogen and oxygenStructure: Properties: Physical – liquid at room temperature, boils at 100 ̊CChemical – splits into hydrogen and oxygen when subjected to electric current 2H2O  2H2 + O2

  5. Physical andChemical Properties & Physical and Chemical Changes

  6. Physical Properties: those properties that define a substance-density-color-texturestate or phaseboiling pointsolubility

  7. Physical changes are those changes that do not result in the production of a new substance.  If you melt a block of ice, you still have H2O at the end of the change.   

  8. If you break a bottle, you still have glass.  Painting your nails will not stop them from being fingernails.  Some common examples of physical changes are: melting, freezing, condensing, breaking, crushing, cutting, and bending.

  9. Some, but not all physical changes can be reversed. You could refreeze the water into ice, but you cannot put your hair back together if you don’t like your haircut!

  10. Special types of physical changes where any object changes state, such as when water freezes or evaporates, are sometimes called change of state operations.

  11. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Chemical properties can ONLY be observed AS the substances are changing into different substances.

  12. Chemical changes, or chemical reactions, are changes that result in the production of another substance. 

  13. FLAMMABILITY: A material’s ability to BURN in the presence of OXYGEN

  14. REACTIVITY:How readily (easily) a substance combines chemically with other substances.

  15. Which has higher reactivity? A 14 karat gold ring or a cheap metal ring from the vending machine at the grocery store? What is your evidence?

  16. When you burn a log in a fireplace, you are carrying out a chemical reaction that releases carbon.  When you light your Bunsen burner in lab, you are carrying out a chemical reaction that produces water and carbon dioxide. 

  17. Common examples of chemical changes that you may be somewhat familiar with are; digestion, respiration, photosynthesis, burning, and decomposition. 

  18. Physical or Chemical Change? • Painting Wood • PHYSICAL

  19. Physical or Chemical Change? • Burning Paper • CHEMICAL

  20. Physical or Chemical Change? • Digestion of food • CHEMICAL

  21. Physical or Chemical Change? • Sugar dissolving in water • PHYSICAL

  22. Physical or Chemical Change? • Iron turning red when heated • PHYSICAL

  23. Physical or Chemical Change? • Evaporation • PHYSICAL

  24. Physical or Chemical Change? • A pond freezing in winter • PHYSICAL

  25. Physical or Chemical Change? • Melting ice • PHYSICAL

  26. Physical or Chemical Change? • Cutting wire • PHYSICAL

  27. Physical or Chemical Change? • Painting fingernails • PHYSICAL

  28. Physical or Chemical Change? • Cutting fabric • PHYSICAL

  29. Physical or Chemical Change? • Baking muffins • CHEMICAL

  30. Physical or Chemical Change? • Shattering glass • PHYSICAL

  31. Physical or Chemical Change? • Decomposition of old leaves • CHEMICAL

  32. Physical or Chemical Change? • Wrinkling a shirt • PHYSICAL

  33. Physical or Chemical Change? • An old nail rusting • CHEMICAL

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