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International Cooperation: Working Together to Get to Mars

International Cooperation: Working Together to Get to Mars. Cooperação Internacional: Trabalhar junto a começar a Marte Cooperazione Internazionale: Funzionamento insieme da ottenere a Marte Cooperación Internacional: Trabajo junto a conseguir a Marte.

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International Cooperation: Working Together to Get to Mars

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  1. International Cooperation:Working Together to Get to Mars Cooperação Internacional: Trabalhar junto a começar a Marte Cooperazione Internazionale: Funzionamento insieme da ottenere a Marte Cooperación Internacional: Trabajo junto a conseguir a Marte Internationale Mitarbeit: Zusammen arbeiten zum Gelangen an Mars Coopération Internationale: Travailler ensemble à obtenir à Mars Международное Сотрудничество: Сотрудничание, чтобы добраться к Марсу Melissa Corley * E235A * 11 March 2004

  2. Overview • International Space Programs • International Cooperation Precedents • International Technology • Nuclear Power • Military Working for Science • Promoting Cooperation

  3. U.S. Space Program • JPL rovers on Mars • Decommissioning shuttle in 2010 • Staying with ISS until 2018 • Working on moon/Mars missions • Inviting other nations to join

  4. Russian Aerospace Agency • Working on plans for moon/Mars missions • Inspired by U.S.’s new plan • Hoping to work with U.S. • May divert Russian resources from China • Preserved Energiya launching facilities at Baikonur • RKK Energiya (builds Soyuz and Progress) • 4-6 person crew to Mars by 2014 for $15 billion • Spacecraft modeled on Zvezda ISS module • Assembled in orbit with parts launched by Proton

  5. European Space Agency • Mars Express orbiter + Beagle 2 lander • Russia, Japan, U.S. also involved • Aurora Program • With European Union • Explore solar system and universe • Continue human spaceflight in LEO • Development of robotic planetary exploration • Plans to cooperate with international partners

  6. National Space Development Agency of Japan • ~$2.4 billion budget • H-II launch vehicle • Involved in ESA’s Mars Express • Kibo (“Hope”) module of ISS

  7. China National Space Administration • October 15, 2003 – first Chinese person in space • Lunar probe project announced in February • Efficient space program • ~$2 billion budget • Cooperating with ESA on Galileo project • Could gain ISS access without US approval

  8. Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization • Peaceful use of space resources and applications in Asia-Pacific Region • Based in Beijing • In formation period, members may include • China • Republic of Korea • Iran • Malaysia • Thailand • Pakistan

  9. Cooperation Precedent Already Exists • ISS (formula for int’l cooperation) • Boeing-Zenit Coventure • Stanford-Russian studies • Mars subsurface radar mapper • Defense conversion • Universities

  10. Defense Conversion • Converting SS-18s and Minuteman ICBMs • Cheap and peaceful =  • Has carried international satellites to orbit • Italy • Saudi Arabia • Malaysia • SSTL • Stanford SSDL satellites

  11. International Cooperation in Universities • Universities set example of cooperation • International institutions can launch functional satellites • Education, government, and industry working together promotes accelerated space research • If international space agencies follow suit, benefits will only increase

  12. International Technology • $$ available from other space-faring nations • Combining worldwide existing technology will drastically reduce cost for single nation • Rest of the world could join and go together without U.S. • Will hopefully motivate U.S. to join or fall behind • Political pressures can hold joint venture together

  13. Nuclear Power • Benefits of nuclear power • Surface power • Decreases travel time for far destinations • Spinoff technology • Nuclear naysayers • Risk of criticality event • Biggest challenge = suspicion of nuclear weapons development

  14. Military Working for Science • Clementine • $$$$ • Naval Postgraduate School • Contract tracking (Pete Warden at LA AFB) • Space Vehicles Directorate, AFRL, and more

  15. Promoting Cooperation • International student competitions • NASA Marshall has high school/college moon buggy race • Expand to international level, possibly military and private industry sponsorship • ISS/Moon/Mars “Olympics,” winners send up their rovers/experiments • Concerns • May get too political (like Olympics) • May take away funding for the real thing

  16. Further Study • Actual cost comparison, space agency budgets • U.S. to Mars alone • U.S. + world to Mars • World – U.S. to Mars • Existing precedents, especially ISS • “Military working for science” benefits • Nuclear benefits • Further investigation of international university and government space programs

  17. Summary • International Space Programs • U.S. Space Program • Russia • European Space Agency (ESA) • National Space Development Agency of Japan • China National Space Administration • Asia-Pacific Space Cooperation Organization (APSCO)

  18. Summary (cont.) • International Cooperation Precedents • Defense Conversion • International Cooperation in Universities • International Technology • Nuclear Power • Military Working for Science • Promoting Cooperation

  19. Conclusion • Main benefits of international cooperation • Promotes world peace • Improves and motivates education • Pools resources • Technological • Monetary • Draws the world together with universal mission – most feasible way to get to Mars!

  20. PSA Ideas • Following the life of the first person on Mars – (forward or in reverse) • Stepping on Mars • Training at JSC • College graduation/studying engineering • High school graduation/engineering project • Middle school • Elementary school – some inspiring event • “This could be you…” • “Space is out there – take the first step”

  21. PSA Ideas • Mastercard commercial • Rover wheel: x$ • Launch vehicle: x$ • Drilling arm: x$ • Camera lens: x$ • Protective airbags: x$ • Expanding humanity’s horizons: priceless

  22. Questions?? Take me to your leader!

  23. NASA Press Release from Previous Bush Administration • "The exploration of space has benefits for the United States that go far beyond the quantifiable. There are specific payoffs in the form of new materials, technological discoveries and microgravity research. But no price can be put on the lifting of the spirit of people everywhere ... And no quantitative measure of any kind can capture the benefit of expanding human horizons, human dreams and the human domain." • Jan 26,1990 President George Bush

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