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Genes and Disease: Defects, Quirks, and Compromises

What Are Genes? . . . Units of inheritance that determine hereditary traits.Located on chromosomes.23 pairs of chromosomes.A, C, G, TA-T C-GHuman genome project93% of DNA codes for proteins.7% of human genes are different for every individual.. Genetic Defects. Error during transcription and

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Genes and Disease: Defects, Quirks, and Compromises

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    2. Chapter 7 Genes and Disease: Defects, Quirks, and Compromises

    3. What Are Genes?

    4. Genetic Defects Error during transcription and translation Chemical damage Ionizing radiation

    5. Genetic Diseases Caused by dominant or recessive traits Genotype and phenotype Huntingtons disease Sickle-cell anemia Cystic fibrosis Tay-Sachs disease Myopia

    6. Huntingtons Disease Caused by one dominant gene Memory loss, muscles stop working Easily passed on to offspring Gene found on chromosome 4

    7. Sickle-cell Anemia Heterozygous (Aa). Changes hemoglobin structure which prevents malaria because it quickly removes infected genes. Homozygous (AA). Have sickle-cell anemia which causes irregular red blood cells. Do not have resistance to malaria. Short lifespan. Heterozygous advantage.

    8. Tay-Sachs Disease Heterozygous protects against tuberculosis Homozygous individual dies Heterozygous advantage

    9. Myopia Genetic quirk Causes nearsightedness Different parts of the eye grow at different times Eye should stop growing when vision is no longer blurry Genes cause eye to keep growing Influenced by environment

    10. T-locus Gene Found in mice 2 copies is lethal 1 copy is passed to 90% of offspring Gene benefits, mouse does not

    11. Summary Genes are the building blocks for the body. Genetic defects cause different diseases. Recessive advantage. Sickle-cell anemia. Tay-sacs disease. Environmental influence myopia would not occur without genetic defect and environmental influence. Gene benefits. Huntingtons disease. T-locus gene.

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