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Understanding Key Concepts in Chemistry: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

This guide explores foundational concepts in chemistry, defining essential terms such as atom, element, molecule, and compound. An atom is the smallest unit maintaining chemical properties, while an element consists of identical protons and cannot be chemically broken down. Molecules are formed from two or more atoms, and compounds can be separated into their elemental components. Important particles like electrons, neutrons, and protons are detailed, along with concepts of ions, atomic mass, and isotopes, elucidating the structure of matter at its most basic level.

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Understanding Key Concepts in Chemistry: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds

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  1. Important Terms • ATOM - Smallest unit of an element that keeps its chemical properties • ELEMENT – Unique substance with the same number of protons in every atom, that cannot be broken down by chemical means • MOLECULE - Smallest unit of a compound that keeps its chemical properties (made of two or more atoms) • COMPOUND - Substance that can be broken into separate elements by chemical reactions • ELECTRON (e-) - Particle moving around the nucleus of an atom with a negative charge; it does NOT have a definitive position in the energy level; (mass = 1/2000 amu) • NEUTRON (N) - Particle in the nucleus of an atom with no charge; (mass = 1 amu) • PROTON (P) - Particle in the nucleus of an atom with a positive charge; (mass = 1 amu) • ION - Electrically charged atom (i.e., excess positive or negative charge) • NUCLEUS - Dense, central core of an atom, does not have a definitive membrane • ATOMIC MASS – total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom • ISOTOPES - atoms of an element each form having a different atomic mass. Isotopes of an element have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons – which ultimately alters the mass

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