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John Deere E diesel Research Program

John Deere E diesel Research Program. William Mitchell Date: Monday, 21 June 2004 Place: Madison, Wisconsin Event: Governors’ Ethanol Coalition. Corn Growers from: Illinois Iowa Kansas Minnesota Michigan Nebraska Ohio Kentucky. John Deere Illinois DCEO

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John Deere E diesel Research Program

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  1. John Deere E diesel Research Program William Mitchell Date: Monday, 21 June 2004 Place: Madison, Wisconsin Event: Governors’ Ethanol Coalition

  2. Corn Growers from: Illinois Iowa Kansas Minnesota Michigan Nebraska Ohio Kentucky John Deere Illinois DCEO Renewable Fuels Association(RFA) National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) USDOE O2 Diesel Inc. GE Betz Lubrizol State of Minnesota PROGRAM SPONSORS

  3. “E diesel” Program What is “E diesel”??

  4. Definition And Key Properties of “E diesel” Fuel “E diesel” is defined as a blend of up to 15% anhydrous Ethanol, up to 5% Special Blending Additive (with cetane/lubricity enhancer), and at least 80% #2 diesel fuel. The Fuel Blend Has A Lower Pour Point Temperature Than Conventional Diesel Fuel. Minimum Fuel Oxygen Content = 2.7%

  5. Engine Tests 8 Mode Steady State Emissions Test Federal Smoke Cycle Test Unregulated Emissions Testing - (31 potential toxins) Durability Tests Cold Room Tests

  6. Vehicle Tests - Further field testing to compliment the work of the University of Illinois project - Vehicle cold room tests - Vehicle hot room tests comparing fuel cooler performance/vapor lock effects between # 2 diesel and E diesel mix - Verification work for using E diesel as factory fill

  7. Vehicle Tests (Continued) -Bench test/analysis to evaluate seal/material compatibility -Analysis on fuel lines, fittings, fuel tank, and fuel from field machines -Flash/flammability tests, spark arrestors, safety verification

  8. Engine Tests 8 Mode Steady State Emissions test Federal Smoke Cycle Test Unregulated Emissions Testing - (31 potential toxins) Durability Tests Cold Room Tests

  9. John Deere E-diesel Research Program The research will be performed covering engine families using three injection system technologies: - Rotary - High Pressure Common Rail (HPCR) - Electronic Unit Injector(EUI) along with fuel additives from our major suppliers

  10. Typical Deere Engine Applications 4045H/6068H 5000,6000,7000 Series Ag Tractors Forestry Skidders/Backhoe/ Tele-Handlers/ Crawlers/ Excavators/ End Loaders/ Gen Sets/ Air Compressors/ Fork Lifts/Trenchers/Marine

  11. Typical Deere Engine Applications 6081HCombine Harvesters 7000,8000,9000 Series Ag Tractors Cotton Pickers Feller-Bunchers Excavators/Crawlers/ End Loaders/ Graders Non-road Trucks Gen Sets/ Air compressors/Marine

  12. Typical Deere Engine Applications 6125H 9000 Series Ag Tractors/ Forage Harvesters Excavators Gen Sets/Marine

  13. Test Fuel Matrix

  14. Regulated Emissions Overall % Change w/ E diesel

  15. Regulated Emissions Summary • All engines w/ all test fuels/additives meet EPA’s Tier II non-road regulated smoke and emissions requirements • More than 75% of the regulated smoke and emissions data for E diesel blends indicated improvement • The reductions of Particulate Matter (PM) and visible smoke were significant and consistent for the E diesel blends

  16. Compound Abbreviation Individual Hydrocarbons (IHC) 1,3 – Butadiene Methane Benzene Toluene Ethylbenzene m&p–Xylene o–Xylene Hexane Methyl ethyl ketone Styrene

  17. Compound Abbreviation Soluble Organic Fraction of PM (SOF) Aldehydes and Ketones (ALD) Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde Acrolein Propioandehyde Methyl Ethyl Ketone Ethanol (ETH) 1-Nitropyrene (nPAH)

  18. Compound Abbreviation Individual PAH (PAH) Naphthalene Acenaphthene Acenaphthylene Fluorene Phenanthrene Anthracene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo(a)anthracene Chrysene Benzo(b)fluoranthene Benzo(k)fluoranthene Benzo(a)pyrene Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene Dibenz(a,h)anthracene

  19. Unregulated Potential Toxins • Comparison of 423 data points • 58% of the E diesel blends recorded equal or reduced emissions compared to the certification fuel • In general: - the acetaldehydes group and ethanol emissions substantially increased with the ethanol blends - benzene and 1,3 butadiene were substantially reduced with the ethanol blends

  20. Engine Tests 8 Mode Steady State Emissions test Federal Smoke Cycle Test Unregulated Emissions Testing - (31 potential toxins) Durability Tests Cold Room Tests

  21. Vehicle Tests - Further field testing to compliment the work of the University of Illinois project - Vehicle cold room tests - Vehicle hot room tests comparing fuel cooler performance/vapor lock effects between # 2 diesel and E diesel mix - Verification work for using E diesel as factory fill

  22. Vehicle Tests (Continued) -Bench test/analysis to evaluate seal/material compatibility -Analysis on fuel lines, fittings, fuel tank, and fuel from field machines -Flash/flammability tests, spark arrestors, safety verification

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