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Unit 3 – Empires: Imperial China

Unit 3 – Empires: Imperial China. Chinese Dynasties. Period of Warring States (~700BCE-221BCE).  What is the “Period of Warring States”?  Sun Tzu (544-496 BCE) and “The Art of War”.  How can we get stability and order?. Confucianism  Leadership by example

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Unit 3 – Empires: Imperial China

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  1. Unit 3 – Empires: Imperial China Chinese Dynasties

  2. Period of Warring States (~700BCE-221BCE)  What is the “Period of Warring States”?  Sun Tzu (544-496 BCE) and “The Art of War”

  3. How can we get stability and order? Confucianism  Leadership by example  Rigid social hierarchy  Two major assumptions 1. People are good (not evil) 2. Government exists for happiness, not control  “Scholar-officials” to lead the government  Ideal society needs no laws!

  4. How can we get stability and order? • Legalism •  Human nature is SELFISH and EVIL • Strict laws needed • The stronger the government, the better • Agriculture and military are keys • Education discouraged

  5. Legalism  Authoritarian One who favors the principle that individuals should obey a powerful authority rather than exercise individual freedom. The ruler, therefore, “cracks his whip” on the backs of his subjects!

  6. Law Legalism Punishment

  7. How can we get stability and order? • Daoism • Centered on reflection and personal harmony • doctrine of wuwei – go with the flow (and stay out of government!) • The less government, the better

  8. The "Dao" [Tao] To escape the “social, political, & cultural traps” of life, one must escape by: 1. Rejecting formal knowledge and learning. 2. Relying on the senses and instincts. 3. Ignoring political and social laws.

  9. PR2 • For the secondary sources section please list at least one additional secondary source that you have found. • Include at least one primary source and explain how it relates to your question. • In this section include your notes taken while researching. These notes are your way of proving to me that you are engaging in serious research. Be sure to list pages you have read as part of this section. • Find 5 quotes from your sources. Include the quote as well as analysis connecting it to your question. • CENTRAL QUESTION: By now you should have a “central question” to focus your research on. [Most likely, it is one of your “Question Paper” questions from Progress Report 1.] Remember, a central question should be ANALYTICAL (not basic!).

  10. 1) Read your responses to the two questions. As a group compare / contrast the philosophies. (10 Minutes) • 2) Choose your government (2 Minutes) • Qin Dynasty during / after the Warring States Period • Mayor of Berkeley Today • President of the United States • 3) Write your ideal philosophy of government. Be sure to incorporate specific elements of the three Chinese philosophies. Explain why this is the best approach given the situation in the area you are governing. (35 Minutes)

  11. My philosophy of government includes elements of Daoism.

  12. Qin Dynasty (221 BCE – 210 BCE) and the Unification of China

  13. Qin Dynasty and the Unification of China • Tactics for GETTING and MAINTAINING power? • Legalist methods • Centralized rule • Built infrastructure • Standardization of written language, laws, weights and measures

  14. Quick Write • How did legalism, public works projects, and standardization enable the Qin dynasty to unite the formerly warring regions of China? 15

  15. Qin’s tomb

  16. Qin’s tomb • Qin died in 210 BCE • Paranoia?!

  17. Qin’s tomb

  18. Descent into chaos… • Qin Dynasty is short-lived – WHY? • Forced labor  REBELLION  END of Qin

  19. Where does the emperor get political legitimacy? Mandate of Heaven – Heavenly powers grant the right to govern

  20. New Dynasty • Brings peace • (Re)builds infrastructure • Gives land to peasants • Protects people • Old Dynasty • Taxes people too much • Stops protecting people • Lets infrastructure decay • Treats people unfairly Generation go by; New Dynasty becomes… The Dynastic Cycle New Dynasty claims Mandate of Heaven • Problems • Floods, earthquakes, etc. • Peasant revolt • Invaders attack empire • Bandits raid countryside Old Dynasty loses Mandate of Heaven

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