Unit 3 New Empires in America

1. Unit 3 New Empires in America

2. I. Europeans set sail A. Vikings (Norse) reach N. America 1. Leif Eriksson was 1st European to visit N. America, 1000 A.D. –Vinland 2. Thorfinn and GudridKarlsefni tried to colonize Vinland, had baby Snorri 3. Colony abandoned due to attacks by “skraelings”

3. Stories told in the Vinland Sagas, proved by • archaeologists in1960 • Not given credit for “discovering” America • Did not change culture/technology of the Natives • Abandoned colony

4. B. Marco Polo opened overland trade route to Asia in 13th century and wrote a book 1. Gave Italy a monopoly 2. Inspired others to seek riches of Asia

5. C. Portuguese Explorations late 1400s 1. Prince Henry the Navigator set up a school of navigation- caravel astrolabe Better maps of African coast

6. 2. Dias discovered the Cape of Good Hope in 1488 3. Vasco da Gama opened an all sea trade route to India in 1497

7. 11. Voyages to America by Spain A.Columbushad a new idea to sail WEST to get to the east in1492 1. Thought earth was 2/3 smaller than it is

8. 2. Made a total of 4 trips, never realized he was not near Asia Europe’s reaction 1. Queen Isabella of Spain wanted to convert (change religious beliefs) all the Native Americans 2. Race between Spain and Portugal to claim and colonize new land

9. 3. Pope solved argument with Line of Demarcation(Spain= west, Portugal = east)

10. C. More Spanish follow Columbus’ voyage 1. AmerigoVespucci-realized Columbus had found new continents 2. Balboa (1513) was first to see the Pacific Ocean

11. D. Magellan’s crew circumnavigated (1519-1522)

12. E. Columbian Exchange changed trade patterns

13. III. Spain Builds an Empire A. Conquistadores 1. Cortes (1519) conquered Aztecs, only 300 Spanish men took over millions - led by Moctezuma in Tenochtitlán

14. 2. Pizarro(1531) conquered Atahualpa, ruler of Incas 3. How did a few hundred Spanish conquer millions in Aztec and Inca empires? • Better weapons, technology • Horses • Diseases

15. B. New Spain 1. Council of the Indies - ruled New Spain as an extension of Spain’s monarchy (king) with encomienda system 2. Spanish settlements a. Pueblos – villages b. Missions- religious, social centers run by priests c. Presidios - forts

16. C. Spanish explored the borderlands 1. Ponce de Leon(1508) named Florida while searching for Fountain of Youth

17. 2. De Soto(1539) explored Mississippi River (buried there)

18. 3. DaVacaand Estevanico (Sp) wandered southwest, heard tales of cities of gold

19. 4. Coronado and Estevanico (Sp) a. Searched for 7 Cities of Cibola: (cities of gold) b. Found Grand Canyon

20. D. Spanish Impact on Native Americans 1. Forced to do hard labor 2. Died of European diseases 3. Converted to Catholic religion, de Las Casas wrote letters to plead for better treatment

21. Race for Empires A. Protestant Reformation: efforts to “reform” Catholic church led to new “Protestant” religions and conflict in Europe 1. Lutherans 2. French Heugenots 3. Henry VIII’s Anglicans (Divorced, beheaded, died, divorced, beheaded, survived)

22. B. Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 opened the way for England and France to explore

23. C. Search for Northwest Passage(water route through N. Am. To Asia) 1. Cabot (1497) claimed N. America for England 2. Verrazano (1524) and Cartier (1534) claimed N. America for France 3. Hudson (1609) claimed N. America for Netherlands (Dutch), (also explored for England)

24. Europeans colonize America 1. English receive charter, lost colony of Roanoke (1587)

25. 2. French: furs, fishing, explorers, missionaries: blended culture with Natives • Champlain “Father of New France” Quebec • Marquette and Jolliet - explored Mississippi • Lasalle – named Louisianna

26. 3. Netherlands: • Hudson found River, Straight, Bay (abandoned in Hudson Bay) • Minuit bought Manhattan for $24 (also set up colony for Sweden)

27. Beginnings of Slavery in America A. African slaves, unlike Native Americans were immune to European diseases B. Slave trade existed in Africa for centuries, captives brought from interior to coast C. Middle Passage horrible journey across Atlantic (1 out of 6 died on the way)

28. D. African Americans spread blending of African and Christian culture throughout Am., under slave codes that treated them as property

29. 1492- Columbus sailed the ocean blue 1497- Cabot claimed N. Am. For England 1501- Amerigo Vespucci named America 1522- Magellan circumnavigated 1524- Verrazano claimed N. Am. For France 1609- Hudson lost in Bay

30. Explorers Foldable On the next blank page of your notebook, fold the page in half, toward the spiral At the top of the outside flap, write “Explorers”. Write the six explorers from the right -skip 3 lines between each. 3. Start a new page and write the next six explorers across from the first six. Diaz Columbus Cabot Da Gama Balboa Magellan Ponce de Leon De Soto Coronado Verrazano Cartier Hudson

31. Explorers Foldable 4. Open the flaps. At the very top, set up 2 headings to the left of the fold: CountrySearched For and 2 headings to the right of the fold: FoundImportance 5. Write the same headings at the top of second page of explorers you wrote down.

32. Bartholomeu Dias Portugal Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Diaz Portugal Water route Cape of Possible 1487 to Asia Good Hope water route ColumbusSpain Western route America Spanish 1492 to Asia colonize Am.

33. Bartholomeu Dias Portugal Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Cabot England NW water North Am. English 1497 route to Asia colonize America Da Gama Portugal Water route Water route made Portugal 1497 to Asia to Asia wealthy

34. Bartholomeu Dias Portugal Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Balboa Spain Route to Asia Pacific Ocean claimed Pacific 1513 for Spain Magellan Spain Route to Asia Water route 1st to 1519 around the circumnavigate world

35. Bartholomeu Dias Portugal Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Ponce de Spain Fountain of Florida Spanish Leon Youth colonize 1 1513 N. America De Soto Spain 7 cities of gold Mississippi spread 1540 “Cibola” River Spanish claim in N. Am.

36. Bartholomeu Dias Portugal Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Coronado Spain 7 cities of gold Grand spread 1540 “Cibola” Canyon Spanish claim in N. Am VerrazanoFrance Route through N. Am. French 1524 N. Am. to Asia colonize Am.

37. Bartholomeu Dias Portugal Explorer Country Searched For Found Importance Cartier France NW passage Gulf of St. French 1534 to Asia Lawrence colonize along St. Lawrence Hudson England NW passage River, Strait English 1610 to Asia & Bay colonize Am.