Understanding Known and Unknown Knowledge: The Rumsfeld Model of Learning

1. There are known knowns. These are things we know that we know. There are known unknowns. That is to say, there are things that we know we don't know. But there are also unknown unknowns. There are things we don't know we don't know. Donald Rumsfeld

2. Unknown Unknowns Known Knowns Known Knowns Known Unknowns The Rumsfeld model for Learning (Yeomans 2007) Unknown Unknowns Known Knowns Known Unknowns Who is responsible for the shift of knowledge?

3. Known Knowns

5. e-confident learner • has a wide range of generic ICT skills • is able to learn new skills as needed • can select the appropriate tool for the task • can talk about the way ICT can enhance their learning • knows when ICT can assist learning • has a high level of information literacy • is prepared to explore and experiment in the use of ICT • uses ICT to learn away from school

6. e-confident staff • identify potential new approaches for the use of ICT in their teaching or subject • use ICT effectively at a personal and professional level • use the technology to learn online • are confident to judge standards • use ICT effectively in their own teaching • envision the future of an ICT-rich education for pupils • are prepared for pupils to know more than they do about ICT • encourage pupils to make choices about their use of ICT • build on their knowledge of pupils’ ICT capabilities for effective learning • have high levels of information literacy

7. content process collaborative individual subject based cross-curricular low ICT capability high ICT capability extended learning short time slots anytime, anyplace learning school based Learning might look like this…

8. classrooms learning centre distributed networks centres class timetable personal programme intensive activity 40 period week online information Parents’ evening 24 hours 365 days 9am–3.30pm school based community based Schools might look like this…