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WHAT IS CHARACTERIZATION? Characterization is the way an author develops characters in a story. Sometimes authors use direct characterization, where they directly tell the reader what a character is like. Other times they use indirect characterization, where they give the reader hints or clues about a character through the way the character acts in different situations.
S.T.E.A.L. • Speech • What does the character say? How does the character speak? • Thoughts • What is revealed through the character’s private thoughts and feelings? • Effect (on others) • What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character? • Actions • What does the character do? How does the character behave? • Looks • What does the character look like? How does the character dress?
MATCH DESCRIPTION & TRAIT • HELPFUL • NERVOUS • MISERABLE • FRUSTATED • NANCY TRIED OVER AND OVER TO SOLVE THE MATH PROBLEM, BUT SHE SUDDENLY CRUMPLED UP THE WORKSHEET AND THREW IT IN THE TRASHCAN. • DERRICK OFFERED TO CARRY HIS NEIGHBOR’S GROCERIES INTO HER HOUSE. • THE SMALL CHILD’S FACE WAS COVERED WITH TEARS AS HE SOBBED ENDLESSLY. • AS KAREN SAT IN THE WAITING ROOM, SHE BIT HER NAILS AND WIGGLED HER LEG UNCONTROLLABLY.
Direct Characterization Direct characterization is when the author TELLS the audience what the personality of the character is. Example: “The patient boy and quiet girl were both at the game.” The author is telling us that the boy is patient and the girl is quiet.
Indirect Characterization Indirect characterization is when the author SHOWS things that reveal the personality of the character. There are FIVE different methods of indirect characterization: speech, thoughts, effect on other characters, actions, and looks. (STEAL)
INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION • Speech • What does the character say? How does the character speak? • Example: Mark told his best friend Brian, “No, you cannot borrow my pencils; they are mine.”
Indirect Characterization Thoughts- What is revealed through the character’s thoughts and feelings? Example: I wish it would stop raining. I am tired of sitting inside! This shows us the character is not happy about the situation.
Indirect Characterization Effect on Others- What is revealed through the character’s effect on other people? How do other characters feel or behave in reaction to the character? Example: The boy glared at his sister as she ate his dessert. This shows us that the character is upset about his sister’s behavior and inability to think of others.
Indirect Characterization Actions- What does the character do? How does the character behave? Example: The girl rode the lawn mower through the house and into the garage. This shows us the girl is not concerned with rules or safety.
Indirect Characterization Looks- What does the character look like? How does the character dress? Example: The little girl left the game with slumped shoulders and a frown on her face. This shows us the little girl is not enjoying herself and is upset.
DIRECT OR INDIRECT? DECIDE WHETHER EACH SENTENCE IS DIRECT OR INDIRECT CHARACTERIZATION
CHARACTERIZATION PRACTICE • CONNOR WAS FEELING DEPRESSED. • “I LOVE MEETING NEW PEOPLE!” SHIRLEY EXCLAIMED. • MRS. JESSUP IS ALWAYS PUNCTUAL AND PREPARED. • JACKSON SMILED AND WAVED AT HIS CLASSMATES. • JESSICA’S OUTLOOK ON LIFE IS ALWAYS CHEERFUL • “SEAN NEVER DOES WHAT I ASK HIM TO DO; HE’S LAZY,” SEAN’S FATHER COMPLAINED. • I’LL NEVER MAKE THE TEAM. I AM JUST NOT GOOD ENOUGH,” TREVOR THOUGHT.
