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From Authority to Individualism

From Authority to Individualism. Puritanism. 1600s Church = foundation of social order church membership required to participate in politics original sin and predestination strong sense of sovereignty of God & depravity of humanity people innately unequal. Puritans continued.

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From Authority to Individualism

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  1. From Authority to Individualism

  2. Puritanism • 1600s • Church = foundation of social order • church membership required to participate in politics • original sin and predestination • strong sense of sovereignty of God & depravity of humanity • people innately unequal

  3. Puritans continued • Utopian ideal - “City upon a Hill” • written agreements: compacts, contracts, covenants • distribution of communal lands based on family size, need, and skills valued by the community • Puritan work ethic • everyone was legally required to attend church services

  4. The Great Awakening • Early-mid 1700s • Puritan piety eroded by New World atmosphere of individualism, optimism, and enterprise  emotional effort to reassert extreme peity • characterized by fervent expressions of religious feeling among masses

  5. Great Awakening Continued • Most notable sermon: Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God • A heart open to the Divine Spirit more important than highly trained intellect • Congregationalists (Puritans) denounced the G.A. for allowing uneducated men to be preachers • Preached doctrine of salvation for ALL

  6. Religious Impact of Great Awakening • Ministers lost authority • people started studying Bible in own homes • conflict between “Old Lights” & “New Lights” • Newer, more evangelical sects (i.e. Baptists & Methodists)  religious diversity & competition to attract followers

  7. Political Impact of G.A. • Democratizing effect • changed view of authority • If the common people could make their own religious decisions w/out relying on ministers, then might they also make their own political decisions w/out deferring to political elite?

  8. Enlightenment • 1700s • God made humans & gave them the powers of observation and reason • natural laws • God like a watchmaker • John Locke - natural rights • Citizens have a right & obligation to rebel against gov’t that fails to protect rights

  9. I. Puritan farmer in Mass (1640)II. Baptist seaman in Rhode Island (1740)III. Scholar of the Enlightenment in VA (1765) How would the people above feel about the following issues: A. his concept of God B. individual’s reason for existence C. individual’s relationship with the church D. The need for education E. Individual’s role in government

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