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INFANCY Cognitive and Language Development

Chapter 5. INFANCY Cognitive and Language Development. Cognitive Development. Learning: A Definition. Change in behavior Change must be relatively stable. Change must result from experience. How Soon Do Infants Start Learning?. Learning in the Womb De Casper Cat in the Hat

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INFANCY Cognitive and Language Development

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  1. Chapter 5 INFANCY Cognitive and Language Development

  2. Cognitive Development

  3. Learning: A Definition • Change in behavior • Change must be relatively stable. • Change must result from experience.

  4. How Soon Do Infants Start Learning? • Learning in the Womb • De Casper • Cat in the Hat • Newborn Learning • Sameroff’s experiments

  5. Piaget: The Sensorimotor Period • Refers to the coordination of motor activities with sensory inputs. • Capacity to look at what they’re listening to • Object permanence: Capacity to view the external world as permanent • Inability to represent world internally

  6. Neo-and Post-Piagetian Research • Playing is Learning • Playing gives babies clues as to what they should do and when they should do it. • Consequences of Maternal Depression • Youngster lags behind in emotional, language and social development

  7. Bruner on Modes of Cognitive Representation • We “know” something in three ways: • Enactive: doing it • Ikonic: picture or image of it • Symbolic: language

  8. Continuity in Cognitive Development from Infancy • Decrement and Recovery in Attentiveness • Two components of attention indicative of intelligence in youngsters: • Decrement of attention • Recovery of attention

  9. Language and Thought

  10. Language • Language: a structured system of sound patterns that have socially standardized meanings.

  11. The Functional Importance of Language • Two contributions: • Communication: The process by which people transmit information, ideas, attitudes and emotions • Facilitation of thought and other processes.

  12. Language as Container of Thought • Thought takes place independently of language • Words are only necessary to convey thought to others.

  13. Language as a Determinant of Thought • Language develops parallel with, or prior to, thought. • Conceptualization: Grouping perceptions into classes or categories based on similarities.

  14. Theories of Language Acquisition

  15. Nativist Theories • Noam Chomsky et.al. • Human beings begin life with the underpinnings of later speech perception and comprehension. • “Pre-wired” by their brain circuitry for language use

  16. Chomsky’s Theory of Language Development • Language Acquisition Device • All languages possess: • Surface Structure • Deep Structure • Transformational grammar biologically built in.

  17. Other Nativist Studies • The Twins’ Early Development Study (TEDS) • The Cambridge Language and Speech Project • Genetics of Developmental Dyslexia • International Molecular Genetics Study of Autism

  18. Arguments for Nativist Theories • Children Acquire Language with Little Difficulty • Adult Speech is Inconsistent, Garbled and Sloppy • Children’s Speech is not a Mechanical Playback of Adult Speech.

  19. Learning and Interactionist Theories • Caretaker Speech • Interactional Nature of Caretaker Speech • Motherese

  20. Language Development

  21. Communication Processes • Nonverbal Communication or Body Language • Physical movements • Gaze • Pointing • Paralanguage

  22. The Sequence of Language Development • From Vocalization to Babbling • Babbling • Receptive Vocabulary • Holophrases • Overextension • Two-Word Sentences • Telegraphic Speech

  23. Bilingualism • Critical period of language acquisition: prior to onset of puberty • Best time to learn a new language is early in life.

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