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Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood. Chapter 7. Piaget’s Theory: Schemes. Psychological structures Organized ways of making sense of experience Change with age Action-based (motor patterns) at first Later move to a mental (thinking) level. Building Schemes. Adaptation

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Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

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  1. Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood Chapter 7

  2. Piaget’s Theory: Schemes • Psychological structures • Organized ways of making sense of experience • Change with age • Action-based (motor patterns) at first • Later move to a mental (thinking) level

  3. Building Schemes • Adaptation • Building schemes • Assimilation • Using current schemes to interpret external world • Accommodation • Adjusting old schemes and creating new ones to better fit environment

  4. Using Assimilation and Accommodation • Equilibrium and Disequilibrium • Use assimilation during equilibrium • Disequilibrium prompts accommodation • Organization • Internal rearranging and linking schemes

  5. Sensorimotor Stage • Birth to 2 years • Building schemes through sensory and motor exploration • Circular reactions

  6. Object Permanence • Understanding that objects continue to exist when out of sight • According to Piaget, develops in Substage 4. • Incomplete at first: A-not-B Error http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjBh9ld_yIo

  7. Mental Representations • Internal, mental depictions of objects, people, events, information • Can manipulate with mind • Allow deferred imitation and make-believe play http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yMwqMuRtGDs

  8. Deferred Imitation • Piaget: Develops about 18 months • Newer research: • Present at 6 weeks – facial imitation • 6 – 9 months – copy actions with objects • 12 – 14 months – imitate rationally • 18 months – imitate intended, but not completed, actions

  9. Three Theories of Language Development

  10. Getting Ready to Talk • First speech sounds • Cooing • Babbling • Becoming a communicator • Joint attention • Give- and-take • Preverbal gestures

  11. Starting to Talk • First Words • Underextension • Overextension • Two-Word Utterances • Telegraphic Speech

  12. Individual Differences in Language Development • Environment • Child Directed Speech • Gender • Personality • Language Style • Referential • Expressive • Language Delay

  13. Supporting Early Language Learning

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