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Text Structure. Descriptive Paragraphs. Using text structure. When you look at the text structure of a text, you can find the big ideas and see how to organize your summary. Chronological Order/Sequence Description Compare and Contrast Cause and Effect Problem/Solution.
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Text Structure Descriptive Paragraphs
Using text structure When you look at the text structure of a text, you can find the big ideas and see how to organize your summary. • Chronological Order/Sequence • Description • Compare and Contrast • Cause and Effect • Problem/Solution
Description Text Structure • The author explains a topic, idea, person, place, or thing by listing characteristics, features, and examples. • Focus is on one thing and its components (parts). • Look for any sensory details (imagery)!
Description Text Structure-Signal Words • Characteristics are… • Such as… • Looks like… • Consists of… • For instance… • Most importantly… **Look for topic word (or synonym) to be repeated throughout the text**
Description Text Structure-Summary Questions • What specific person, place, thing, event, or concept is being described? • How is the topic described (How does it work? What does it do? What does it look like? etc.)? • What are the most important attributes or characteristics? • How can the topic be classified (for example, a robin can be classified as a type of bird)?
Description Passage-Example Goose bumps make me shiver. I get little bumps on my skin. They look like sesame seeds. These bumps make my skin tingle when I get them. The hair on my arms also stands up when I get goose bumps. It’s hard to get rid of them when I’m excited.
Description Passage-Example Goose bumps make me shiver. I get little bumps on my skin. They look like sesame seeds. These bumps make my skin tingle when I get them. The hair on my arms also stands up when I get goose bumps. It’s hard to get rid of them when I’m excited.
Description Passage-Example The crocodile is the master of deception in the water. It stalks its prey and then swiftly closes in for the kill. Nile crocodiles will eat almost anything such as all sorts of fish, turtles, and crustaceans. Nile crocs, however, don't confine their meals to seafood. They also eat all sorts of mammals, including baboons, impala, hyenas, and wildebeest.
Description Passage-Example The crocodile is the master of deception in the water. It stalks its prey and then swiftly closes in for the kill. Nile crocodiles will eat almost anything such as all sorts of fish, turtles, and crustaceans. Nile crocs, however, don't confine their meals to seafood. They also eat all sorts of mammals, including baboons, impala, hyenas, and wildebeest.
Description Paragraph-Example A drought is a type of natural disaster. It is made up of long periods of a lack of rain and looks like a desert. Some droughts have short periods of rain such as an inch or less very rarely. For example, the Dust Bowl of the 1930s was caused by an extended period of time without any significant rainfall. Droughts have several characteristics. One characteristic is extremely dry soil. Another is a lack of water for crops and livestock, which is important because it affected the entire country’s economy and food source for several years in a row.
Description Paragraph-Example A drought is a type of natural disaster. It is made up of long periods of a lack of rain and looks like a desert. Some droughts have short periods of rain such as an inch or less very rarely. For example, the Dust Bowl of the 1930s was caused by an extended period of time without any significant rainfall. Droughts have several characteristics. One characteristic is extremely dry soil. Another is a lack of water for crops and livestock, which is important because it affected the entire country’s economy and food source for several years in a row.
Description Text Structure-Use this graphic organizer for the paragraph that follows.
Pair Examples • Each pair will get a different example. • Read through the paragraph (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS COPY, PLEASE). • Look over the questions on the yellow half sheet. • Answer the questions for your paragraph. • Be prepared to share your responses with the class!
Description Passage-A Sunset is the time of day where our sky meets the outer space solar winds. There are blue, pink, and purple swirls, spinning and twisting like a cloud of balloons caught in a blender. The sun moves slowly beyond the horizon, while the moon races to take its place atop the night sky. The chilly night air touches everything, reminding us all that it’s time to settle in for the night. People slow to a crawl, entranced by the stillness, fully forgetting the deeds that still must get done. There is a coolness, a calmness, whenever the sun does set.
Description Passage-A Sunset is the time of day where our sky meets the outer space solar winds. There are blue, pink, and purple swirls, spinning and twisting like a cloud of balloons caught in a blender. The sun moves slowly beyond the horizon, while the moon races to take its place atop the night sky. The chilly night air touches everything, reminding us all that it’s time to settle in for the night. People slow to a crawl, entranced by the stillness, fully forgetting the deeds that still must get done. There is a coolness, a calmness, whenever the sun does set.
Passage A Responses • What text structure did the author use? • What evidence did you find to support your thinking (signal words, summary questions)? • Why do you think the author used this structure to convey the information? • How will understanding this text structure help you as a reader? • Create an appropriate graphic organizer for this type of text structure, and fill out notes from the passage.
Description Passage-B The old car slowly chugs down the street like the caboose of a steam engine train. When the car goes up the hill, it goes, “Ka-boom, ka-chunk.” The car is old and weathered with rust covering the entire body like fog rolling into a valley. The wheels and tires wobble like a toddler trying to walk for the first time. The hubcaps are gone along with all the mirrors and extras on the car. Black smoke flows out the rotten tail pipes like the smoke out of an old cob pipe. The local junkyard has seen better cars than this. The interior is a dusty brown with holes covering almost every square inch of the seat covers. The ceiling is hanging down and the rust has eaten through the roof like a Billy goat through a tin can. This old car is my old car, and it is as faithful as a good old dog because it always starts and gets me to and from where I need to go each and every day.
Description Passage-B The old car slowly chugs down the street like the caboose of a steam engine train. When the car goes up the hill, it goes, “Ka-boom, ka-chunk.” The car is old and weathered with rust covering the entire body like fog rolling into a valley. The wheels and tires wobble like a toddler trying to walk for the first time. The hubcaps are gone along with all the mirrors and extras on the car. Black smoke flows out the rotten tail pipes like the smoke out of an old cob pipe. The local junkyard has seen better cars than this. The interior is a dusty brown with holes covering almost every square inch of the seat covers. The ceiling is hanging down and the rust has eaten through the roof like a Billy goat through a tin can. This old car is my old car, and it is as faithful as a good old dog because it always starts and gets me to and from where I need to go each and every day.
Passage B Responses • What text structure did the author use? • What evidence did you find to support your thinking (signal words, summary questions)? • Why do you think the author used this structure to convey the information? • How will understanding this text structure help you as a reader? • Create an appropriate graphic organizer for this type of text structure, and fill out notes from the passage.
Description Passage-C A beach in Hawaii on a December day is like a day at a lake in mid August. The beach smells fresh, almost like a new ocean breeze air freshener. The sand is hot on bare feet and looks like gold blended in with little white specks; it sparkles like the water running off the swimmers’ backs and feels like walking on coals from a burning grill. Not far from the shore, you can see the coral sitting still in the wild and shallow water. Turtles drift in to see all the people. The palm trees sway in the air from the forceful wind. In the distance, a house is beautifully placed right by the water, so it can look across the ocean each and every day. People are laughing and playing in the burning sand, and others are relaxing on the beach, bronzing their skin while enjoying the bright rays of light coming from the sun. From a far distance, the ocean is a deep navy blue; waves come in like a bulldozer from all the wind. At night, everything is still. Waves are still coming in but not as hard while the beach is cleared from all the people. All you can hear are the waves of the ocean and the light breeze coming through the giant palm trees. The beach is a spectacular place. Leaving it is excruciating and difficult to do.
Description Passage-C A beach in Hawaii on a December day is like a day at a lake in mid August. The beach smells fresh, almost like a new ocean breeze air freshener. The sand is hot on bare feet and looks like gold blended in with little white specks; it sparkles like the water running off the swimmers’ backs and feels like walking on coals from a burning grill. Not far from the shore, you can see the coral sitting still in the wild and shallow water. Turtles drift in to see all the people. The palm trees sway in the air from the forceful wind. In the distance, a house is beautifully placed right by the water, so it can look across the ocean each and every day. People are laughing and playing in the burning sand, and others are relaxing on the beach, bronzing their skin while enjoying the bright rays of light coming from the sun. From a far distance, the ocean is a deep navy blue; waves come in like a bulldozer from all the wind. At night, everything is still. Waves are still coming in but not as hard while the beach is cleared from all the people. All you can hear are the waves of the ocean and the light breeze coming through the giant palm trees. The beach is a spectacular place. Leaving it is excruciating and difficult to do.
Passage C Responses • What text structure did the author use? • What evidence did you find to support your thinking (signal words, summary questions)? • Why do you think the author used this structure to convey the information? • How will understanding this text structure help you as a reader? • Create an appropriate graphic organizer for this type of text structure, and fill out notes from the passage.
What makes a good summary? On the back of your graphic organizer, write a 2-3 sentence summary of the paragraph using your notes from the graphic organizer. DON’T FORGET TO… • Include the important ideas from the text • Put ideas in your own words • Leave out little details and repeated information • Use the text structure of the text
Description-Paragraph Structure *Now it’s your turn-pick a subject you know a lot about to describe. Put this on a note card. A ________ is a type of _________. It is made up of ____________ and looks like ___________. Some ________ have _________ such as _________. For example, _____________. __________ has several characteristics. One characteristic is _______. Another is ___, which is important because _____________________________________.
