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The Lost Colony of Roanoke: Early Challenges of English Settlements

Explore the intriguing story of the Lost Colony of Roanoke and the early English settlements in America. Governed by John White, the first settlers faced dire challenges, including starvation and Native American conflicts. Their mysterious disappearance left behind only the cryptic clue “CRO.” Meanwhile, Jamestown emerged as the first permanent English settlement, spearheaded by leaders like John Smith and John Rolfe, who introduced tobacco farming and established the House of Burgesses, paving the way for self-governance. Discover the struggles and resilience of these early American colonists.

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The Lost Colony of Roanoke: Early Challenges of English Settlements

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  1. Colonial Beginnings

  2. RoanokeThe Lost Colony • Gov. John White made 2 trips to Virginia • 1sttrip – check out the area • 2ndtrip – bring 100settlers for settlement • Food was scarce…many starvedto death

  3. RoanokeThe Lost Colony • White returned to England to get supplies • When he returned, he found NOTHING…no signs of civilization • The only clue…“CRO” carved in tree CRO

  4. Jamestown, Virginia • Why is Jamestown so important? It was the 1st permanent English settlement • Named in honor of King James • Chartered by the Virginia Company • Motivation for settlement – gold/silver

  5. Problems: • Area low-lying/swampy (mosquitos carried malaria) • Summers– hot & humid • Winters– bitter cold; settlers arrived too late to plant crops • Attacksfrom the Natives

  6. By the end of the first year only 38of 103 settlers were alive • Gentlemen were “too good”to work…they were there to search for gold($$$) • The colony desperately needed leadership…and John Smith stepped up

  7. JOHN SMITH • Ruthlessman • Arrived during the 2ndwinter(1608) • Created work ethic among the colonists – “Workor die” during this “starving time”

  8. Smith kept notes that were made into a book • He was capturedby the Powhatan Indians. His life was sparedwhen he befriended Pocahontas. • A gunpowderaccident caused John Smith to return to England.

  9. JOHN ROLFE • John Rolfe takes over and brings 800more settlers with him to Jamestown • He becomes the 1st successful European tobacco farmer • Tobacco caused increasedproblems with the Natives. • Why? Planting tobacco fields meant expandingthe size of the Jamestown colony

  10. John Rolfe meets and marries Pocahontas • She becomes a Christianand is baptized as Rebecca • Rolfe returns to Englandwith Rebecca when he is summoned by the Virginia Company

  11. Jamestown Housing

  12. House of Burgesses • 1st representative government in the New World – allowed for elected officials to represent colonists • Created local laws • Dutch ships bring in Africans to work tobacco crops in Jamestown

  13. DELETE!!! Cross out the following portion of your notes: BACON’s REBELLION (#31-40)

  14. Separatists • Better known as the Pilgrims • Separated from the Church of England • Fled to Holland…and were dissatisfied w/ Holland • Contacted the Virginia Company regarding sailing to New World

  15. Mayflower • 35of the 102 passengers were Separatists (the others were commoners from England) • Leader – William Bradford • Sailed for 66days • What did they have to eat? Nothing but cheese, hard bread, fish, beer • Were sailing to Plymouth

  16. Mayflower Compact • A stormblew them off course, and they landed outsidethe Virginia Company limits in which later became Massachusetts – this meant their charter was no good • A compactwas created – established lawsfor the good of the colony • Created self-government(majority rule) – ”civil government” • 8 males did not sign – they were under 15 or indentured servants

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