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Module 2 Timelines and Such

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  1. Module 2 Timelines and Such Highline Community College Seattle University University of Washington in conjunction with the National Science Foundation

  2. MACTimes • Who, what, when, where and how? • When may be more important than what • atime, mtime, ctime, dtime, last • ChangeTime, CreationTime, LastAccessTime, LastWriteTime • Historical times may not be available except on backups, journaling file systems, etc.

  3. Viewing items • ls –l • TCT’s mactime tool • Uses lstat() system call • Windows has third party tools • Explorer, write mouse click and use all tabs

  4. Issues with MACTimes • GUI based tools can change the atime • Importance of using a forensic tool on an image that cannot be altered • Opening a directory can change the access time, be sure to use lstat() • Hashes must be done after an lstat()

  5. Issues with MACTimes (cont’d) • Do not show history • MACTimes degrade with time • OOV • Easily forged • touch command • utime() on both UNIX and NTFS • NT has the SetFileTime() call to change all three

  6. Looking for Things • Unusual port numbers being accessed • An ftp port being used for a long time • What other systems did this person access?

  7. Where to Look • Kernel and processor memory • Unallocated disk space • Deleted files • Swap files • Peripherals and other items that may have fragments of information

  8. OnLine • Bind – DNS daemon • DNS records • PTR – map IP to host name • A – address records, computer name to IP number • MX – mail exchange, tells where to send the mail • TTL – time to live, Bind’s time left for a request in cache and the real TTL, you can determine when it was sent.

  9. Problems with Time • Sychronization • Power – battery or power failure • Accuracy, drift • Time zones • Moving a computer to another time zone • Intruders altering time or resetting clocks

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