Presentation Transcript

1. 1920s

   The Roaring Twenties to the Great Depression
2. UNIT GOALS Examine how American Society was affected by scientific, cultural, and political events after W.W.I.
3. Post W.W.I Red Scare in U.S. Why? 150,000 Communists in the U.S. (0.1%) Communists: WIN the Russian Revolution (1917) Attempt to overthrow the German government after the war (FAIL). Took over government in Hungary Caused some violence at Home ALL OF THESE THINGS LED TO A FEAR OF COMMUNIST TAKEOVER IN THE UNITED STATES. What happened? Not much Sacco and Vanzetti loose their lives.
4. Sacco & Vanzetti Two Italian immigrant anarchists who were tried for robbing a shoe factory and killing two people in Braintree, Massachusetts in 1920. 1921, they were convicted and sentenced to death, and finally executed in 1927. Fair Trial? No.
5. Women’s Place in Society Changes Voting- 19th Amendment (1920) 1st woman in Congress? Jeannette Rankin, Montana, 1916. Changing [Roles] Flapper- Brought women closer to achieving equality between men. Raised hemlines, started wearing heavy makeup, cut their hair, starting smoking and drinking in public.
6. Demographics Rural-Urban Split Farmers were economically stressed. Industrial and commercial economy is booming. Millions make the move from rural areas  urban areas Suburban Growth Over crowed Cities caused by immigration boom. Better transportation (trolleys, buses, affordable cars) African Americans Passage of Jim Crow Laws in the South and job opportunities in the North cause many African Americans to migrate North Great Migration Did this move improve their lives? Some yes, many no. Limits on Immigration Did not apply to nations in the Americas so Mexicans and Canadians filled low paying jobs during this time.
7. Immigration Immigration Act of 1917, Congress imposes a literacy test for immigrants. Also restricts many others from entering the country (the mentally disabled, the criminals, the insane, etc.) 1921, Congress passes Emergency Quota Act (severely restricted Italians, Greeks, Poles and Eastern European Jews). Imposes quotas based on the percent of people living here from each nation. Reduced number to about 40% of the 1921 total. 1924, National Origins Act Reduced number to about 20% of the 1921 total.
8. American Heroes At 25, Charles Lindbergh became the first person to fly from New York to Paris. The journey took him 33.5 hours and he received a $25,000 prize. He was also given the Distinguished Flying Cross.
9. American Heroes Amelia Earhart 1932, 1st woman to fly across the Atlantic and then also from Hawaii to California. 1937, got half way around the world and mysteriously disappeared in the Pacific (Howland Island).
10. Economic Advances Driving force of the 1920s? Automobile. Federal Highway Act 1916 Nation of Paved Roads Consumer Products Purchases paid for through Installments or Credit “Buy now, pay later”
11. The Jazz Age The growing radio and great African American migration to the cities helped make a music called jazz widely popular. Jazz grew out of African American music of the South. (ragtime & blues)
12. Harlem Renaissance Rebirth Harlem, New York City Population 50,000 (1914)  200,000 (1930) Harlem Renaissance- the African American literary awakening of the 1920s. James Weldon Johnson- Leading writer of the Harlem group and the Executive Secretary of the NAACP. Wrote God’s Trombones, a collection of sermons.
13. Marcus Garvey Jamaica Founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (Advocated for racial pride and separatism rather than integration) Called for a return of African Americans to Africa. 1921, sold stock in the Black Star Steamship Line (took migrants to Africa). 1923, the line went bankrupt and Garvey was imprisoned for mail fraud.
14. Cultural Conflicts during the 1920s Prohibition Goals: Eliminate drunkenness Abolish Saloons Improve the Workplace Bootleggers- People who hid flasks of liquor in their boots. Suppliers of illegal alcohol. Speakeasies- Bars/saloons that operated illegally.
15. Cultural Conflicts during the 1920s Crime Prohibition, prostitution, gambling, racketeering Al Capone- Chicago gangster who was able to buy the cooperation of police and city officials ($60 million a year on bootlegging alone). In 1931, a federal court convicted him of income-tax evasion and sent him to prison. Bureau of Investigation (later changed to FBI) Headed by J. Edgar Hoover Emergence of the new KKK- Stronger Who did they terrorize? Jews, Catholics, Blacks, Immigrants, etc.
16. Theories Fundamentalism- Set of religious beliefs including traditional Christians ideas about Jesus Christ, the belief that the Bible was inspired by God and does not contain contradictions or errors, and is literally true. Theory of Evolution- The belief that humans and all other living species developed (evolved) over time. Problem? Evolutionists denounced fundamentalist beliefs and vice versa  laws against teaching evolution in public schools.
17. Scope’s Trial 1925 John Scopes a teacher in Tennessee, who was charged for teaching evolution despite the passing of the Butler Act. Result? Guilty, but still debated today. What to teach? Mixing of church & state
18. President Harding Favored disarmament & high tariffs on foreign goods. “Nativism” ideas Reduced Immigration Teapot Dome Scandal revealed widespread corruption. Leading the U.S. back to isolationism. 1921-1923
19. President Coolidge Took over for Harding Laissez-faire business policy International peace & stability for all nations without U.S. involvement. Isolationist 1923- 1929
20. President Hoover Supported the “Nobel Experiment” (Prohibition) People expected the “Coolidge prosperity” to continue under Hoover. Stock Market Crash October 1929 Beginning of the Great Depression 1929-1933