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Pluto

Pluto. Diameter 0.18D E Rotation Period 6 days 9 hours Orbital Period 250 years Distance from Sun 39.44AU Orbit Eccentricity 0.25 Tilt 118 degrees Temperature possibly –228C to -238C Atmosphere probably N, CO and methane – when not frozen

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Pluto

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  1. Pluto Diameter 0.18DE Rotation Period 6 days 9 hours Orbital Period 250 years Distance from Sun 39.44AU Orbit Eccentricity 0.25 Tilt 118 degrees Temperature possibly –228C to -238C Atmosphere probably N, CO and methane – when not frozen Gravity 0.069g Moons 1 Visits none

  2. Pluto and Charon Pluto's eccentric orbit intersects Neptune's orbit, so sometimes is closer to the sun than Neptune Pluto has an atmosphere when it is close to the sun, which then freezes as the planet moves away from the sun Charon discovered in 1978 (diameter 1200 km, about half the size of Pluto) Pluto is in a 3:2 orbit resonance with Neptune

  3. The Outer Solar System – The Kuiper belt An asteroid belt beyond the orbit of Neptune between 30-100 AU, consisting of icey bodies more like comets than asteroids Also the Centaur group (Chiron etc) of asteroids that lie beyond the orbit of Saturn may also be Kuiper belt objects Red Orbits = Plutinos Blue Orbits = Classical Kuiper Belt Objects Black Orbits = SKBOs

  4. Quaoar – The Largest Kuiper Belt Object Discovered June 4 2002, by Michael Brown and Chadwick Trujillo (California Institute of Technology)

  5. Comets Comets are essentially dirty lumps of ice that melt as their highly eccentric orbits take them closer to the sun. The melting process creates geysers of carbon dioxide and water vapour that forms a kind of atmosphere called a coma around the comet's nucleus Two tails trail beyond the comet in its orbit – one tail consists of dust and points away from the comet's direction of motion the other tail consists of ionised plasma that points away from the sun

  6. The Giotto probe Launched in 1985 by ESA to study Comet Halley on its last close encounter with Earth (next time will be 2061)

  7. (above) Nucleus of Comet Wild 2 as observed by the Stardust probe (right) Nucleus of Comet Halley as observed by the Giotto probe

  8. There are two types of Comets Long period comets have aphelia of 50,000 AU and are thought to originate in the theorised Oort Cloud of comets – they have only ever been observed once (e.g. Hyakutake). High and random orbital inclinations suggest the Oort cloud is a large shell rather than a disc. Periodic comets reach perihelion roughly every 100 years, and are thought to originate in the Kuiper belt disc (e.g. Halle-Bopp, Halley's Comet)

  9. Meteor Showers Meteor showers are regular annual events caused by the Earth passes through a patch of its orbit where a periodic comet has left behind a dust trail These dust particles burn up in the Earth's atmosphere leaving behind bright trails that light up the sky

  10. All meteor trails in the sky appear to originate from a single radiant.

  11. The largest meteoroids will survive the passage through the Earth's atmosphere and land on the surface as a meteorite. Like asteroids, some meteorites are Iron based, others are just rocks

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