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Meningitis in Emergencies

Meningitis in Emergencies. Meningitis. Causative agents of epidemic meningitis- Most commonly N. meningitidis- serogroup A B, C, W135 also possible Outbreaks occur throughout region Not just in humantarian emergencies. Examples of Meningitis Outbreaks in Emergencies. Surveillance.

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Meningitis in Emergencies

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  1. Meningitis in Emergencies

  2. Meningitis • Causative agents of epidemic meningitis- • Most commonly N. meningitidis- serogroup A • B, C, W135 also possible • Outbreaks occur throughout region • Not just in humantarian emergencies

  3. Examples of Meningitis Outbreaks in Emergencies

  4. Surveillance • Meningitis surveillance part of greater surveillance system • Standard case definition for suspected, probable, and confirmed cases • Capacity for diagnosis must be assured

  5. Epidemic Thresholds • Populations >30,000 • 15/100,000 per week • 10/100,000 per week- high risk zones • Populations <30,000 • 5/100,000 per week OR • Doubling of cases from one week to the next for 3 consecutive weeks

  6. Case Management • Main Goal- to prevent mortality • Presumptive treatment • Ceftriaxone / Chloramphenicol single dose IM • Both cost effective and efficient

  7. Prevention • 3 approaches • Adequate vaccination in areas that are high risk • Early detection and vaccines available in the field • Surveillance with an emergency stock pile available

  8. Prevention • Vaccines currently available for serogroups A, B, C W135 • Routine vaccination is not cost effective (as it does not effect herd immunity) • if there is an impending outbreak, vaccination should be undertaken • vaccination recommended for age group 24 months and above to prevent epidemics

  9. Earthquake in Pakistan, October 8, 2005

  10. Survivors Ask Aid for Flu, PneumoniaContributed by: Admin  |  Views:125                                                           MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan - Hundreds of survivors of Pakistan's huge earthquake filled hospitals Thursday for treatment of pneumonia and flu as temperatures plunged below freezing with the arrival of the brutal Himalayan winter. Survivors Ask Aid for Flu, PneumoniaContributed by: Admin  |  Views:125                                                           MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan - Hundreds of survivors of Pakistan's huge earthquake filled hospitals Thursday for treatment of pneumonia and flu as temperatures plunged below freezing with the arrival of the brutal Himalayan winter. Thursday, December 01 2005 @ 07:56 PM EST Survivors Ask Aid for Flu, PneumoniaContributed by: Admin  |  Views:125                                                           MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan - Hundreds of survivors of Pakistan's huge earthquake filled hospitals Thursday for treatment of pneumonia and flu as temperatures plunged below freezing with the arrival of the brutal Himalayan winter. Thursday, December 01 2005 @ 07:56 PM EST Survivors Ask Aid for Flu, Pneumonia MUZAFFARABAD, Pakistan - Hundreds of survivors of Pakistan's huge earthquake filled hospitals Thursday for treatment of pneumonia and flu as temperatures plunged below freezing with the arrival of the brutal Himalayan winter. Source: www.pakquake2005.com

  11. Case study:You are an ARI expert at CDC. You are asked your opinion of whether Hib vaccination should be added to a measles vaccination campaign for Pakistani children displaced by an earthquake. Pakistan does not routinely immunize against Hib.

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