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PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE

PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE. 20 LAKH PEOPLE ARE REGULAR DRUG USERS IN PUNJAB ONLY 66% OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE ABUSING GUTKA 7 OUT OF 10 COLLEGE STUDENTS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUG 3 OUT OF 10 GIRLS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUGS HOSTLERS MORE PRONE TO ADDICTION. MENACE OF DRUG ABUSE.

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PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE

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  1. PREVALENCE OF DRUG ABUSE • 20 LAKH PEOPLE ARE REGULAR DRUG USERS IN PUNJAB ONLY • 66% OF SCHOOL GOING CHILDREN ARE ABUSING GUTKA • 7 OUT OF 10 COLLEGE STUDENTS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUG • 3 OUT OF 10 GIRLS HAVE ABUSED ONE OR OTHER DRUGS • HOSTLERS MORE PRONE TO ADDICTION

  2. MENACE OF DRUG ABUSE • PER HEAD CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL IS HIGHEST IN PUNJAB • GOVT. OF INDIA SPENDS RS 27000 CRORE ON TOBACCO RELATED PROBLEMS WHILE EARNS RS6000 CRORE FROM TOBACCO INDUSTRY • GOVT.HAS TO SPEND RS I20 ON HEALTH PROBLEMS CAUSED BY EVERY PACK OF CIGARETTES

  3. CAUSES OF ADDICTION • OUT OF CURIOSITY • FOR PLEASURE KICK • LACK OF PARENTAL CONTROL • TOO MUCH POCKET MONEY • PRESSURE FROM FRIENDS • TO GAIN ACCEPTANCE IN GROUP • DEFIANT GESTURE AGAINST AUTHORITY • PREY TO PPEDDLERS OF DRUGS

  4. CAUSES • ESCAPE FROM TENSIONS EMOTIONAL FRUSTRATION HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF PARENTS ADDICT PARENTS NEGATIVE ROLE MODEL FOR CHILDREN SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC FRUSTRATION

  5. PEDDLERS

  6. CURIOSITY

  7. TRAP OF DRUGS

  8. POTENTIAL ADDICTS • LOW SELF ESTEEM • LACK OF AMBITION FOR FUTURE • NON PARTICIPATION IN SPORTS, EXTRA CURICULAR ACTIVITIES • INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL MOVEMENTS • SIBLING USE OF DRUGS,ALCOHOL • DRUG USE IN FRIENDS

  9. Potential drug users • BROKEN FAMILIES • UNHAPPY FAMILY • NOT PRACTISING ANY RELIGION • PARENTAL USE OF CIGARETTES • EXCESSIVE ALCOHOL USE BY PARENTS • POOR ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENTS

  10. CHILDREN OF ADDICTS

  11. RECOGNISING AN ADDICT • AVOIDING PEOPLE • SPENDING LONG HOURS IN BATHROOM • PREFER TO BE ALONE • DROPP ING OLD FRIENDS • SUDDEN NEW FRINDS CIRCLE • LOSS OF INTERST IN GAMES ,EXTRACURICULAR ACTIVITIES

  12. KEEP EYES OPEN FOR THESE CHANGES • STEALING,BORROWING MONEY • EXCESSIVE SPENDING OF MONEY • ERRATIC BEHAVIOUR ,CONFUSED THOUGHTS • SUDDEN UNEXPLAINED TEMPER TANTRUMS • LAZINES,APATHY,IRRITABILITY • EMOTIONAL INSTABILITY

  13. PHYSICAL CHANGES • REDNESS OF EYES • PUFFINESS UNDER EYES • SLURRING OF SPEECH • UNSTEADY GAIT • LOSS OF APPETITE • FRESH\NUMEROUS INJECTION SITES • PECULIAR SMELL FROM BREATH • SHABBILY DRESSED

  14. MORE FACTS ABOUT ADDICTION

  15. THREE STAGES OF ADDICTION Stage I Experimental and social use Frequency of use Occasional / usually on weekends Source of drugs / alcohol Friends / peers at parties

  16. REASONS • Curiosity / risk taking and seeking thrill • For pleasurable feelings / relief from boredom • Peer pressure / to be sociable • To obtain social acceptance • To appear grown up / to defy parental limits

  17. EFFECTS • Experiences euphoria and returns to normal state after using • Small amount may cause intoxication • Feelings sought - fun, excitement, thrill, belonging and control

  18. BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Little noticeable change • Experiences moderate hangovers • Occasional evidence of use such as beer can or marijuana joint

  19. Stage II - Abuse Frequency of use • Regular / several times per week • Some times during the day • Prefers to use alone Source of drug / alcohol • Friends • Buys for himself • May borrow / steal / peddle drugs to maintain supply

  20. REASONS • To manipulate emotions – experience pleasure, cope with stress and uncomfortable feelings and to overcome feelings of inadequacy • To stay high or at least to maintain normal feelings

  21. EFFECTS • May experience discomfort in the absence of drugs • Intoxication becomes regular • Feelings sought - pleasure, relief from negative emotions and stress reduction • May feel guilty, ashamed and afraid • Has suicidal ideation / may attempt suicide • Tries to control use but fails

  22. BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Mood swings • Changes in personality • Lying and stealing • Change in friendships • Decline in work performance ……..

  23. BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS(contd..) • Decrease in extra curricular activities • Begins adopting drug culture (clothing, hairstyle) ……..

  24. BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS(contd..) • Conflict with family members • Becomes more rebellious • Interest focused on procuring and using drugs / alcohol

  25. Stage III Dependency / addiction Frequency of use • Daily use / continuous Source of drugs / alcohol • Uses any means to get alcohol / drugs • May engage in criminal activities to get money for drugs

  26. REASONS • Has no control over his behaviour • To avoid pain and depression • To escape from realities of daily living

  27. EFFECTS • Normal state is pain and discomfort • Unlikely to experience euphoria • Experiences suicidal thoughts / may attempt suicide ……..

  28. EFFECTS (contd..) • Guilt, shame and remorse • Repeated blackouts • Changing emotions such as depression, irritation and apathy Experiences

  29. BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Physical deterioration including weight loss, health problems • Memory loss, flash back, paranoia, volatile mood swings and other psychiatric problems • Likely to dropout or get expelled from college or lose jobs ……..

  30. BEHAVIOURAL INDICATORS • Away from home most of the time • Possible overdoses • Not concerned about being caught • Focuses only on procuring and using drugs

  31. TREATMENT CENTRE ADDICTION TREATMENT An overview

  32. DRUGS

  33. TREATMENT • ADDICTION IS AN ILLNESS • IT IS A CURABLE DISEASE • SIGN OF MORAL WEAKNESS • RECOGNITION OF PROBLEM IS HALF THE BATTLE WON • SEEKING PROFESSIONAL HELP IS • ROLE OF FAMILY IS VERY IMPORTANT

  34. TREA T MENT

  35. Methods • Medical and nursing care • Assessment • Supportive counseling

  36. MEDICAL TREATMENT • DETOXIFICATION OF DRUGS UNDER MEDICAL SUPERVISION • WITHDRAWL OF ADDICTION • CONTROL OF WITHDRAWL SYMPTOMS • ENGAGING IN OTHER SOCIAL ACTIVITIES • MAKING NONAVAILIBILITY OF DRUGS

  37. DRUGS FREE ZONE

  38. MEDICAL TREATMENT Medical care to deal with withdrawal symptoms , co-existing medical / psychiatric problems

  39. Methods • Counseling • Involving family and significant others • Making appropriate referrals

  40. COUNSELLING • MOTIVATING THE PATIENT FOR TREATMENT • REALISATION OF PROBLEM OF ADDICTION BY ADDICT • FAMILY PLAYS A BIG ROLE • ROLE OF SOCIAL WORKERS • RELIGIOUS GROUPS

  41. REHABILITATION • BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY • CHANGE IN PEER GROUP • IMPROVE FAMILY ATMOSPHERE • SUPPORT,EMOTIONAL SECURITY FROM FAMILY • PSYCHOLOGICAL BUILDING UP OF ADDICT

  42. FOLLOW-UP CARE IN ADDICTION TREATMENT

  43. FOLLOW-UP • Essential part of case management

  44. FREQUENCY OF FOLLOW-UP • Very regular in the initial phase of recovery - Once every 10 days for 3 months and then monthly visits until one year • Quarterly visits after 1 year for at least four more years

  45. WHAT HAPPENS IN A FOLLOW-UP? Review about the client in the following areas • Drug free status • Health condition • Family relationships • Social relationships • Occupational status • Financial status • Leisure time activities

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