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Empire of the Great Khan

Empire of the Great Khan. Chapter 12 sect. 3 Pages 299 - 302. Main Idea & Why it Matters Now . Kublai Khan rule China and encouraged foreign trade, but Yuan Dynasty was beset by problems. The influence of Chinese ideas on Western civilization began with the Mongols’ encouragement of trade.

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Empire of the Great Khan

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  1. Empire of the Great Khan Chapter 12 sect. 3 Pages 299 - 302

  2. Main Idea & Why it Matters Now • Kublai Khan rule China and encouraged foreign trade, but Yuan Dynasty was beset by problems. • The influence of Chinese ideas on Western civilization began with the Mongols’ encouragement of trade.

  3. Kublai Khan Conquers China • Took 3 generations of Mongol leaders to complete the conquest of China begun by Genghis Khan • China sometimes lost territory to nomadic groups, but foreigner had ever ruled the whole country until Kublai Khan

  4. Who is Kublai Khan • Grandson of Genghis Khan • Named himself Great Khan in 1260 • The first Great Khan was Genghis’ son Ogadai

  5. Beginning A New Dynasty • Kublai Khan founded the Yuan Dynasty, but it lasted less than a century. • This dynasty was important for many reasons: • United China for the first time in 300 years • Opened China to greater foreign trade

  6. Failure to Conquer Japan • After uniting all of China, Kublai set his sights on Japan; tried twice to take over Japan • 1274 and 1281 • In 1281, Kublai sent the largest seaborne invasion in world history until World War II to take over Japan. • After 53 days of fighting, a huge typhoon (hurricane) came threw wiping out the Mongols and Japan was successful in fighting them off.

  7. The Mongols and Chinese United • Mongol rulers had little in common with Chinese subjects. • Because of this Mongols lived apart from the Chinese and obeyed different laws. • Kept the Chinese out of high government offices, but used them on the local level.

  8. Encouragement of Foreign Trade • During the Mongol peace made the trade route safe and Kublai Khan established mail routes which greatly improved trade. • Invited foreign merchants to visit China.

  9. Marco Polo at the Mongol Court • Marco Polo the most famous European to visit China. • He traveled the Silk Roads and arrived in 1275. • He could speak several Asian languages and helped Kublai Khan on government missions throughout China

  10. The End of Mongol Rule • During Kublai’s last years he sent his armies and navies on several expeditions to try and expand the empire. • His military was defeated and were very costly to his economy.

  11. Yuan Dynasty Overthrown • Kublai died in 1294 • Mongol rule weakened after his death • Yuan Dynasty remained in power but struggled with who would rule. • Chinese had long resented their Mongol rulers so they rebelled.

  12. Chinese Rebellion • Chinese rebelled because of: • Years of famine • Floods • Disease • Growing economic problems • Official corruption

  13. Decline of the Mongol Empire • By the end of the Yuan the entire Mongol empire disintegrated • The only Mongol empire that survived was the Golden Horde which ruled Russia for 250 years until Ivan III inserted Russian independence from the Mongols in 1480.

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