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The Great Mughal Empire in India. India's Geograpy. Delhi. India’s Geography. The triangular Indian subcontinent forms the southernmost part of Central Asia. The Himalaya mountain rage stretches across the north of India To the west of India is the Arabian Sea
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India's Geograpy... Delhi
India’s Geography The triangular Indian subcontinent forms the southernmost part of Central Asia. The Himalaya mountain rage stretches across the north of India To the west of India is the Arabian Sea To the east of India is the Bay of Bengal To the south are large plains and it is dominated by major river systems, including the Indus and Ganges Rivers
India's Geography Indus River Ganges River
The Great Mughal Empire in India Even before Timur invaded India, people there had heard of this Mongol conqueror. He had destroyed entire cities and their population in other parts of Asia. In 1398, he and his troops marched to northern India, in search of riches. They ruined fields of crops and quickly captured Delhi, the capital city. Timur and his troops killed many people and took hundreds of slaves. They also carried away great treasures such as pearls, golden dishes, rubies and diamonds.
Diamonds Rubies Golden Dishes
The Great Mughal Empire in India Timur was more interested in conquering new lands than in governing those he had defeated and not long after the Mongols invaded Delhi they departed A sultan, or Muslim ruler, took control of the city.
The Delhi Sultanate From 1206 to 1526, a series of sultans controlled northern India as well as parts of present day Bangladesh and Pakistan. This period of India’s history is called the Delhi Sultanate after the capital city, Delhi.
A Hindu Revival • During the Muslim invasion, the region was experiencing a revival of the ancient Hindu religion. • The revival had begun about 600 AD • Hindus accept many gods, but they believe that all of these gods are just different aspects of one Supreme Being. • Hindus also believe that social classes are part of the natural order of the universe.
Major Hindu Beliefs • Dharma: code of conduct, disciplines guiding each individuals life • Karma: refers to the actions performed by each individual during a lifetime, a good action takes a person to a better rebirth, a bad action takes them to a bad rebirth • Samsara: cycle of life, death and rebirth
Hindu's Caste System... • The Hindu caste system, a strict system of social classes, controls everyday life. • Hindus are born into their Caste • A person’s castes are determined by their job and status.
At the top were priests, judges, TEACHERS • (Brahmin) • Second were warriors, kings, • princes • (Kshatriya) • Third came farmers, merchants, artisans • (Vaishya) • Fourth included craftspeople and laborers(Sudra) • Lowest class group of poor and powerless people who were called untouchables. • (Harijan = outcastes) Caste Order
A Hindu Revival... • Muslims who controlled the Delhi Sultanate did not become part of the Hindu society • Muslim culture is based on beliefs that are very different from those of Hindu culture and there difference caused conflicts between the two groups.
The Fall of the Delhi Sultanate • In 1526, a Mongol prince named Babur took advantage of the weakend Delhi Sultanate. • Babur was a Muslim descendant of the Mongol conqueror Timur. • The prince defeated the sultan and • went onto control the capital city, Delhi.
The Mughal Empire ... Babur founded the celebrated Mughal Empire, whose Muslim rulers controlled India from 1526-1700, Mughal is another word for Mongol 25 years after Babur’s death, the empire came under the control of Babur’s grandson, Akbar and he would become the greatest Mughal leader of India, his strong central government lasted in India for the next 100 years.
Akbar the Great • When he came to power he was only 13 years old but he was able to expand the Mughal Empire.
Akbar the Great • Akbar encouraged the arts. • He set up studios far painters at his court • He supported poets, although he never learned how to read or write. • He brought together scholars from different religions for discussions. He consulted with Muslims, Hindu, Buddhists, and Christians. (Took a wife from each!) • Akbar was Muslim but gained the support of his Hindu subjects through his policy of toleration.
Akbar the Great • He allowed Hindus to practice their religion freely and he ended unfair taxes that had been required of non-Muslims. • Akbar created a strong central government and he gave government jobs to qualified people, whatever their religion or caste. • These policies helped Hindus and Muslims live together and strengthen Mughal power in India.
Akbar the Great... • In 1605, Akbar died most of the northern India was under his control. • He ruled the Mughal Empire for 49 years, earning himself he nickname “the Great.”
The Reign of Shah Jahan • More than 100 years after Akbar’s death, the Mughal Empire began to fall apart. • Akbar’s grandson, Shah Jahanbecame emperor in 1628 and spent a fortune on extravagant buildings. • The Taj Mahal, built by Shah Jahan, it was a tomb for his wife • Mumtaz Mahal- wife of Shah Jahan, Taj Mahal was built in her honor, offered Shah Jahan advice on many government issues
The Taj Mahal Shah Jahan Mumtaz Mahal
Shah Jahan's youngest three sons Shah Shuja Aurangzeb is in Red Murad Bakhsh
Emperor Aurangzeb • Aurangzeb and his brothers grew up in bitter rivalry • Shah Jahan watched his children fight over the throne, Aurangzeb was not his favored son • Aurangzeb won power over his oldest brother • -Jahan’s son, Aurangzeb imprisoned his father at Agra Fort for more than eight years. He died with his eyes gazing upon the Great Taj Mahal!
Agra-Red Fort Agra Fort (Red Fort) Walled city, 94 acres Hindu and Islamic Art Gardens, gates, towers Koh-i-Noor Diamond found here (186 Carats= $30 Million+) Curse on men who wear it- Now a part of the British crown jewels. Specifically found in the Queen’s crown
Emperor Aurangzeb • Aurangzeb spent more money on expensive wars and revised Akbar’s policies toward Hindus. • He tried to force Hindus to convert to the Muslim faith and began to tax them. • Aurangzeb changed the policy of Hindus for the negative, Many Hindus rebelled and fighting the rebels cost more money. • After his death the empire split into small kingdoms.
