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GERMANY 1918-45

GERMANY 1918-45. ANTI-SEMITISM. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY. It was NOT new. Pre-WWI: formation of the idea in Vienna. 1920: racist policy published in “25 Points.” 1924: “Mein Kampf” promoted racism & anti-semitism further.

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GERMANY 1918-45

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  1. GERMANY 1918-45 ANTI-SEMITISM

  2. THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE THEORY • It was NOT new. • Pre-WWI: formation of the idea in Vienna. • 1920: racist policy published in “25 Points.” • 1924: “Mein Kampf” promoted racism & anti-semitism further. Crusaders massacre German Jews and loot property in the 11th century

  3. GOVERNMENT PERSECUTIONFROM THE START IN 1933 • April: SA organises boycott of Jewish shops & professions. • April: non-Aryan civil servants are dismissed. • April: non-Aryan doctors are forbidden to work in hospitals. The Reichstag & democracy in flames in 1933

  4. GOVERNMENT PERSECUTIONCONTINUES IN 1933 • Sept: only farmers with proven Aryan backgrounds to 1880 could inherit land. • Sept: Jewish lawyers are forbidden to practise. • Result: 38,000 Jews emigrated to Palestine in 1933; at least 25,000 p.a. left thereafter.

  5. PERSECUTION WORSENS • Boycotts continue. • Jews forbidden from pools, parks, etc. • 1935: Nuremberg Laws. • 1938: Jewish factories had to mark goods with a distinctive trademark.

  6. THE NADIR OF PERSECUTION • 1936: persecution is less public due to Olympics & Schacht. • 1938: Jews had to carry special id cards. • 1938: Kristallnacht • 1939: Hitler promised “destruction of the Jewish race.” Himmler & the SS organised Crystal Night, an allegedly spontaneous outburst of national anger

  7. PERSECUTION BECOMES GENOCIDE • Conquests in WWII (eg Poland & western USSR) brought many Jews under Nazi control. • 1941: Wannsee Conference formulated the “Final Solution.” • Poland was prepared as an extermination centre. • 1942: the plan was implemented at 6 centres & speeded up when its threat failed to keep USA neutral. • 1945: methods changed and speeded up when defeat was imminent. • Himmler stated 6M Jews had died.

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