Principles of Disease Control

1. Principles of Disease Control Chapter 5

2. OBJECTIVES • Clarify principles of disease control

3. Principles of Disease Control • Avoidance/Exclusion • Quarantine and Inspection • Evasion or avoidance of pathogen • Use of pathogen free propagating material • Eradication • Host eradication • Sanitation • Crop rotation • Protection • Biological control • Chemical control • Resistant

4. AVOIDANCE / EXCLUSION • To prevent the import and spread of plant pathogens into areas from which they are absent • Quarantine and Inspection • Evasion or avoidance of pathogen • Use of pathogen free propagating material

5. 1. Quarantine and Inspection • Regulations controlling the import and export of plants to prevent spread of disease and pest • The Agricultural Pests and Noxious Plants (Import/Export) Regulations 1981 • govern the import of plants, plants products, insects and microorganisms into Malaysia • Each state is responsible for enforcing quarantine regulations to prevent the spread of pests and diseases within the state.

6. Inspection of Plants/Insects at Legal Entry Checkpoint. • All planting materials, plant product, insects etc which is prohibited materials subjected to inspection at the entry checkpoint and if found infested or diseases shall be treated, quarantine or destroyed • Air (KLIA, Subang Airport, Senai Airport) • Road (JB, Padang Besar, Chanloon, RantauPanjang)

7. 2. Evasion or avoidance of pathogen • Grow the plant in the area or environment that unsuitable for the growth of pathogen. • Plant a susceptible crop at a great distance from other fields containing possible disease.

8. 3. Use of pathogen free propagating material • Use a pathogen- free seed • Growing the crop in an area that • Free or isolated from the pathogen • Not suitable for the vector of the pathogen

9. ERADICATION • To reduce amount of pathogen present in an area, on a plant or on a plant part • Host eradication • Sanitation • Crop rotation

10. 1. Host eradication • Remove or burn all of the infected host plant • Remove alternate host for the pathogen

11. 2. Sanitation • Wash hands before handling certain kinds of plant such as tomato • Frequently disinfesting knives used to cut propagative stock such as potato tubers

12. 3. Crop rotation • The practice of growing a series of dissimilar types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons • Crop rotation also seeks to balance the fertility demands of various crops to avoid excessive depletion of soil nutrients

13. PROTECTION • Protect the plant directly from any infection that are likely to arrive. • Biological control • Chemical control

14. 1. Biological control • The process to reduce or control the pest level by using another micro-organism • Use antagonistic microorganism – microorganism that antagonist to the pathogen • The microorganism will destroy and inhibit the growth of pathogen. • Environmentally friendly method.

15. 2. Chemical control • Application of chemical compounds that are toxic to the pathogen • Inhibit germination, multiplication and growth of the pathogen.

16. RESISTANT • Possessing qualities that hinder the development of a given pathogen • Use genetic engineering technique • Insert the plants with genes that code for production of enzymes or toxin that could interfere pathogen infection.