Child Development Unit 2 Part 1

1. Child DevelopmentUnit 2 Part 1 Pregnancy and Prenatal Development Developed by Jean Ann Sadler, Southside High School

2. Unit 2: Frameworks 2.1 Match terms related to pregnancy and prenatal development 2.2 List early symptoms of pregnancy 2.3 Explain physical changes to the mother during pregnancy 2.4 Name discomforts and complications of pregnancy 2.5 Describe prenatal tests used to determine health of the mother and the fetus 2.6 List STD’s most likely to affect the health of the unborn baby and mother 2.7 Describe the three stages of prenatal development 2.8 Name factors that are harmful to the development of the unborn child 2.9 Describe types of care for the mother and baby’s health 2.10 Name risks due to teen pregnancy 2.11 Discuss costs of teen pregnancies to society 2.12 State plans that need to be made prior to the birth of a baby 2.13 List careers related to pregnancy and prenatal development Extra Unit Unit 2 Part 1 Unit 2 Part 2 Unit 2 Part 3

3. Additional terms • Cleavage • Implantation • Extraembryonic • Coccyx • Quickening • Lanugo • Vernix caseosa 2.7

4. Questions to answer • What is cleavage? rapid cell division • What is the function of the amnion? protect embryo from shock • What is implantation? embryo attaching to wall of uterus • Why is it important that circulation be established early? So embryo • How large is the 7-8 week embryo? ¼ - ½ “can receive nourishment • What is a fetus? unborn baby at 3 monthsand oxygen from mom • Based on external characteristics, when can the sex of the fetus be determined? 10th week • Are the eyes open or closed at 4 months? closed • When do the eyes reopen? 7th month • What is the basic function of the placenta? exchange and transport • Do the fetal and maternal bloods mix? no • What is accomplished by selective cell death in the development of the hands and feet? digits with no webs • Where, on the head, does the eye initially appear? side of the head 2.7

5. ConceptionWhen two cells become one 2.7 Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video

6. Period of the Zygote • zygote – fertilized egg • lasts approximately two weeks • includes cleavage and implantation 2.7

7. Cleavage is a period of rapid cell division that lasts about 6-7 days Period of the Zygote 2.7

8. Period of the Zygote Implantation is when the blastocyst attaches to and starts to embed in the lining of the uterus • complete by the end of the second week • it is now referred to as an embryo – 16 or more cells 2.7

9. Period of the Embryo • The embryo needs protection, nutrients, oxygen, and a way to dispose of waste • extraembryonic membranes provide this • Extraembryonic means not retained after birth (afterbirth) 2.7

10. Period of the Embryo • amnion – develops into amniotic fluid – protects the embryo against shock and physical disturbances • yolk sac – origin of the first red blood cells 2.7

11. Amniotic Sac 2.7

12. Period of the Embryo • chorion – forms the placenta, the baby’s filtering system 2.7

13. The Placenta 2.7

14. Period of the Embryo • allantois – develops into the umbilical cord 2.7

15. Period of the Embryo20-21 days – 1st month • the circulatory system begins to function • heart begins to beat on day 21 2.7

16. Period of the Embryo26 days – 4 weeks – 1st month • heart is the largest organ in the embryo • growth of the tail is rapid (coccyx) • beginnings of eyes and ears on side of head • “gill like” structures will develop into jaw 2.7

17. Period of the Embryo26 days – 4 weeks – 1st month 2.7 Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video

18. Period of the Embryo1st month Effects on Mom: • missed menstrual period • other signs of pregnancy may not be noticeable 2.7

19. Once in a while a baby is born with a tail still visible. Some are bony structures but most are just fatty tumors that can be removed

20. Period of the Embryo35 days – 5 weeks – 2nd month • about ¼ inch long • face, eyes, ears and limbs take shape • bones begin to form 2.7 Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video

21. Period of the Embryo6 weeks – 2nd month 2.7 Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video

22. Period of the Embryo7-8 weeks – 2nd month • has acquired all human characteristics and looks like a human embryo • arms, legs, fingers, toes • eyes are colored • eyelids developing 2.7 Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video

23. Period of the Embryo2nd month Effects on Mom: • breasts begin to swell • pressure on bladder from enlarging uterus • possible “morning sickness” • fatigue is common 2.7

24. Period of the Fetus63 days - 9 weeks – 3rd month Fetus – from 8th week (3rd month) to birth • about 1 inch long • head is still large and out of proportion • eyes are widely separated • ears are low on the head • nose is broad with wide nostrils 2.7 Structures will move to a more normal location later in the 3rd month

25. can distinguish sex by the tenth week Period of the Fetus10 weeks – 3rd month 2.7

26. Period of the Fetus3rd month Effects on Mom: • breasts become firmer and fuller • nausea, fatigue and frequent urination may continue • abdomen becomes slightly larger • weight gain 2-4 pounds 2.7

27. Period of the Fetus13-16 weeks – 4th month • eyes are closed • external genitalia indicate sex 2.7

28. Period of the Fetus4th month Effects on Mom: • abdomen continues to grow • early discomforts of pregnancy are usually gone • appetite increases 2.7

29. Period of the Fetus17-20 weeks – 5th month • fetus can move – early movements are called “quickening” • skin becomes covered with vernix caseosa • by end of 5th month, skinbecomes covered with lanugo (hair) • hair, eyelashes and eyebrows appear 2.7

30. Period of the Fetus5th month Effects on Mom: • enlarged abdomen becomes apparent • slight fetal movements felt (quickening) • increased size may begin to affect posture 2.7

31. Period of the Fetus6th month • considerable weight gain during this month 2.7

32. Period of the Fetus6th month Effects on Mom: • fetal movements are strong kicks, thumps and bumps…some visible • weight gain may be 10-12 lbs 2.7

33. Period of the Fetus7th month • eyelids separate and eyes reopen • wrinkled skin makes fetus looks like an elderly person 2.7 Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video

34. Period of the Fetus7th month Effects on Mom: • increased size may affect posture 2.7

35. Period of the Fetus8th month • body becomes contoured and shaped – “fills out” 2.7

36. Effects on Mom: discomfort from increased size – backache, leg cramps, shortness of breath, fatigue fetal kicks may disturb rest weight gain 18-20 lbs Period of the Fetus8th month 2.7

37. Period of the Fetus9th month • fetus continues to “fill out” • lanugo disappears • chest and mammary glands become prominent • movements decrease 2.7

38. Period of the Fetus9th month Effects on Mom: • “lightening” occurs – breathing becomes easier • other discomforts may continue • total weight gain of 25-35 lbs • false labor may be experienced “Braxton-Hicks” contractions 2.7

39. Development of the face 2.7

40. Development of the hands and feet 2.7

41. Development of the hands and feet 2.7

42. Development of the external genitalia • at 8 weeks the external genitals are indistinguishable • sex can be distinguished by the 10th week • male and female sex organs form from the same tissue Discovery Health :: Fetal Development Video 2.7

43. Development of the brain 2.7