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ENGLISH PROJECT. APARNA M KRISHNAN IX STD. ADVENTURE. ADVENTURE. What is adventure? Adventure means bold undertaking or hazardous enterprise. Adventure adds zest and delight to our life. Everyone cannot be a born adventurer.
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ENGLISH PROJECT APARNA M KRISHNAN IX STD
ADVENTURE • What is adventure? Adventure means bold undertaking or hazardous enterprise. • Adventure adds zest and delight to our life. • Everyone cannot be a born adventurer. • An adventurer should have plenty of endurance, persistence & will power. • People avoid action often because they are afraid of the consequences, for action means risk & danger.
ROALD AMUNDSEN • Roald Engelbregt Gravning Amundsen was a Norvigian explorer of polar regions. • He was the first person to reach both the North and South Poles. • He led the first Antarctic expedition to the South Pole between 1910 and 1912. • Amundsen was a key expedition leader during the Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration.
POLAR TREKS Belgian Antarctic Expedition 1897–99 • He was a member of the Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–99) as first mate. • This expedition was led by Adrien de Gerlache, using the ship the Belgica, it became the first expedition to spend winter in Antarctica. • The Belgica, whether by mistake or design, became locked in the sea ice at 70°30'S off Alexander Land, west of the Antarctic Peninsula.
The crew then endured a winter for which the expedition was poorly prepared. • By Amundsen's own estimation, the doctor for the expedition, American Frederick Cook, probably saved the crew from scurvy by hunting for animals and feeding the crew fresh meat, an important lesson for Amundsen's future expeditions. Northwest passage • In 1903, Amundsen led the first expedition to successfully traverse the Northwest Passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans with six others in a 47 ton steel seal hunting vessel, Gjøa.
Amundsen had the ship outfitted with a small, gas engine. • They travelled via Baffin Bay, Lancaster and Peel Sounds, and James Ross and Rae Straits and spent two winters near King William Island in what is today Gjoa Haven, Nunavut, Canada. • After a third winter trapped in the ice, Amundsen was able to navigate a passage into the Beaufort Sea after which he cleared into the Bering Strait, thus having successfully navigated the Northwest Passage.
It was at this time that Amundsen received news that Norway formally became independent of Sweden and had a new king. • Amundsen sent the new King Haakon VII news that it "was a great achievement for Norway." He hoped to do more he said and signed it "Your loyal subject, Roald Amundsen.“
ENVIRONMENT • All physical, chemical, biological & social factors which make up the surroundings of man are refered to as environment. • Environment is our basic life support system. It provides the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat and the land where we live. • Every species remains depended on their environment.
ENDANGERD SPECIES • Rising human population, loss of natural habitat, poaching, hunting are some of the main reasons of extinction of animals. • India is one of the most populous countries in the world and it was inevitable that man come into conflict with other animals for resources. • A number of species are rated as Critically Endangered, Endangered or Vulnerable as per the 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals, internationally recognised as the list that categories the status of globally threatened animal species.
The good news is that a number of organizations and individuals are constantly working towards the conservation of wildlife in India . SOME ENDANGERED ANIMALS Asianelephant Smaller than its African cousins the Asian Elephant is one of the few living species of elephants. These large (can go upto 5400 kg) gentle animals have been domesticated for centuries and are docile when well treated. The single most important cause of their decline is loss of habitat.
They have also been persecuted due to the crop damage they are perceived to cause. Poaching for ivory has not affected them as much as the African elephant, since, unlike African elephants, only the male of the species has tusks.
Chiru (Tibetan antelope) India is the only place outside of China where you will find the chiru, a shy, gazelle-like animal whose wool makes the softest, warmest, most expensive shawls in the world - shahtoosh . Found at elevations of 3250 - 5500 m (10,660 - 18,000 ft), they are so rare that it is difficult to imagine they once roamed in herds of 15,000. It takes three to five chirus to make one shawl, and as long as shahtoosh shawls are a rage in international fashion, the outlook is bleak for their survival. India has banned the manufacture and sale of shahtoosh , but it might already be too late for this species.
Ganges River Dolphin • One of the world's rarest mammals, the river dolphins of India 's sacred Ganges River (one of the five species of river dolphins in India ) live in one of the world's most densely populated areas and since the consequent degradation of its habitat shows no signs of abating, it seems its numbers will continue to decline. • Grey-brown in color, with a long beak, a stocky body, and large flippers, they prefer murky waters and are unsociable, unlike their marine cousins made popular by movies like "Freeing Willy". • Their eyes lack a lens, and the species is sometimes referred to as being blind, although its eyes do seem to function as a direction-finding device.
They have declined due to pollution, accidental capture in fishing nets, and hunting for meat, oil and traditional medicine. Construction of numerous dams in the 1930s split their population into smaller groups, impeded migration and also had an impact.. • Bengal Tiger • The largest of the cat family, this fabulous feline is India 's national animal, symbolic of her rich cornucopia of nature's marvels. • One of 5 surviving subspecies of the tiger, the Royal Bengal requires dense vegetative cover, an adequate supply of large prey (about 50 deer-size animals are needed to feed one tiger for a year), and access to a reliable source of water.
Tigers are extremely adaptable and even adjust to some contact with humans, so long as their food supply is assured. • Poaching (various parts of the tiger's body are used to make Oriental medicines), a declining prey base, and loss of habitat are the main threats to its continued survival. • Launched in 1973-74, when the first ever all India tiger census revealed the existence of only 1827 tigers (down from 40,000 at the turn of the century) Project Tiger - aimed at saving this magnificient species - is one of our most successful conservation ventures in recent times. Currently, the tiger population is estimated to be about 3000. 27 reserves are covered by Project Tiger.
CHIPKO MOVEMENT • The Chipko movement (literally "to stick" in Hindi) was a group of female peasants in the Uttarakhand region of India who acted to prevent the felling of trees and reclaim their traditional forest rights that were threatened by the contractor system of the state Forest Department. • The movement began in Chamoli district in 1973 and spread throughout the Uttarakhand Himalayas by the end of the decade. • In Tehri district, Chipko activists would go on to protest limestone mining in the Dehradun hills in the 1980s as well as the Tehri dam, before founding the Beej Bachao Andolan or Save the Seeds movement that continues to the present day.
In Kumaon region, Chipko took on a more radical hue, combining with the general movement for a separate Uttarakhand state. • One of Chipko's most salient features was the mass participation of women villagers. • As the backbone of Uttarakhand's agrarian economy, women were most directly affected by environmental degradation and deforestation, and thus connected the issues most easily. • How much this participation impacted or derived from the ideology of Chipko, has been fiercely debated in academic circles.
Despite this, both female and male activists did play pivotal roles in the movement including Gaura Devi, Sudesha Devi, Bachni Devi, Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Sundarlal Bahuguna, Govind Singh Rawat, Dhoom Singh Negi, Shamsher Singh Bisht, and Vandana Shiva.
MYSTERY • Any thing that cannot be explained scientifically/ technically or by any norms is called a mystery. • A major mystery that encountered nowadays is unidentified flying objects. • The scientists all over the world are trying to find out the real cause of the UFO’s. • A salient features of unidentified flying objects is given below:
UFO Sighting Photographed in Baghdad • A spectacular photograph of a UFO hovering over military activity in Baghdad . • Photographs of this quality are rare among UFO photographs, but in this particular shot you can clearly see a disc shaped, metallic object. Upon closer inspection of the image, it appears that there has been no manipulation. • The photo was taken by a US soldier during May of 2006 along RouteJackson in southern Baghdad. Apparently at the time of taking the photo, he was completely unaware of the metallic, disc shaped object hovering above.
Dozens of witnesses reported a completely silent object with bright lights flying low and fast. This was not the beginning of the sightings, which go back to November 2007, and in a historic scale, back to the mid-1800s. Also, this was the beginning of a major UFO sighting event which reportedly has lasted into March 2008, albeit the sightings having "moved south-east ward.“ • On February 16, 2008, two individuals reported seeing a large, pulsing orb of light hovering in place above Miramar Air Base.
UFO reported to have come from the coast inland near a village called Catalkoy in small and rapid zigzags, then stopped and hovered for approximately 30 seconds before making a smooth ascent at 45 degrees east. Many witnesses have reported such events to a local newspaper. • Many people claimed to see a UFO near Eastern Metropolitan Bypass (Calcutta). Its was also recorded by an amateur video grapher. It was like a ball of light which some time hovered, sometimes moved very fast and changed shape and size. The video was broadcasted in local news channels.
In 2007 Ten to fifteen UFO's were spotted. • A group of United Airlines employees, including pilots, claimed to have seen a mysterious, saucer-shaped, unlit craft hover over a Chicago O'Hare Airport terminal before shooting up through the clouds. • An object was sighted traveling northeast during the night until—as described—burst a blue ring out and split in two. The first piece continued to fly northeast, while the second rocketed in the opposite direction, and disappeared from view.
An oval orb was observed hovering above a location in Kent. It then moved off in a westerly direction. • An amateur cameraman with a digital camera captured astounding footage of a UFO passing behind and above several buildings. Air traffic was restricted that day except for two helicopters.
CHILD LABOUR • In India out of the total population of 1,086,640,000 the child population is 391,190,400. • TOTAL CHILD LABOUR • 14% of children between 5-14 years are involved in child labour. • In 2001, the ILO estimated that 11.6 percent of children aged 10 to 14 years in India were working.
CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL • In 2001, there were 20,549,000 out of school children in the primary school age group of 6-10. • MEET A CHILD • 8 year old Hari works in a zari unit in Delhi. His work involves attaching beads and zari to clothes which are then sold at high prices in the markets. The beads are small and the work causes eye strain. But he is paid about Rs.10 a month, if at all. • He works in a ill-lit small room with many more children like him.
All of them eat there and sleep there at nights. • At summers the temperature is high and they often suffer from heat boils. They are not allowed to go out. • If anybody tries to run away, he/she is beaten severely. • CHILD SOLDIERS • Armed groups were reported to have recruited children in Jammu and Kashmir and in localized conflicts in several other states.
CHILDREN IN UNORGANISED SECTOR • Children work under hazardous conditions in a number of sectors, such as fireworks, stone quarrying, match, making, silk weaving, lock making, brick manufacturing, and footwear and brassware production. • Children are also found working as domestic servants and living on the streets.
SPORTS & GAMES Sports & games enrich our life. A healthy body is essential for a healthy mind and a healthy mind in turn derives energy from regular practice of sports & games items. By keeping physical fitness through exercises results in longer life span. An idle mind is devils paradise and keeping mind in a proper form regular exercise is a must.
JESSE OWENS BORN ON SEPTEMBER 12,1913 DIED ON MARCH 31,1980
JAMES CLEVELAND JESSE OWENS • James Cleveland "Jesse" Owens was an African American track and field athlete. • He participated in the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, where he achieved international fame by winning four gold medals: one each in the 100 meters, the 200 meters, the long jump, and as part of the 4x100 meter relay team.
James Cleveland Owens was born in Lawrence County, Alabama, in the Oakville community, to Henry and Emma Owens. Owens was the grandson of a slave and the son of a sharecropper. Owens had taken different jobs in his spare time: He delivered groceries, loaded freight cars and worked in a shoe repair shop. During this period Owens realized that he had a passion for running.
Throughout his life Owens attributed the success of his athletic career to the encouragement of Charles Riley, his junior-high track coach at Fairview Junior High, who had put him on the track team Owens first came to national attention when he was a student of East Technical High School in Cleveland; he equaled the world record of 9.4 seconds in the 100-yard (91 m) dash and long-jumped 24 feet 9 ½ inches (7.56 m) at the 1933 National High School Championship in Chicago
Owens' greatest achievement came in a span of 45 minutes on May 25, 1935 at the Big Ten meet in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where he set three world records and tied a fourth. He equaled the world record for the 100 yard (91 m) sprint (9.4 seconds) and set world records in the long jump (26 feet 8¼ inches (8.13 m), a world record that would last 25 years), 220 yard (201 m) sprint (20.7 seconds), and the 220-yard (200 m) low hurdles (22.6 seconds to become the first person to break 23 seconds).
In 1936 Owens arrived in Berlin to compete for the United States in the Summer Olympics. Owens surprised many by winning four gold medals: On August 3, 1936 he won the 100m sprint, defeating Ralph Metcalfe; on August 4, the long jump (later crediting friendly and helpful advice from German competitor Luz Long); on August 5, the 200m sprint; and, after he was added to the 4 x 100 m relay team, his fourth on August 9 (a performance not equaled until Carl Lewis won gold medals in the same events at the 1984 Summer Olympics).
