Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828

1. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes 1746-1828

2. Goya created • About 500 oil paintings • 280 lithographs and etchings (and he used the most modern methods) • Nearly a thousand drawings

3. His life can be divided into four stages: • Until 1793 – slow rise to maturity • 1793 – illness that left him deaf and released pent up creative forces within him • 1808 – Napoleonic invasion and Goya’s responses to the war. • 1819 – a second illness, he retires to the Quinta del Sordo, the Black Paintings

4. First Stage: Tapestry Cartoons • Produced for the Royal Tapestry Factory (Charles III) • Rococo tendencies in nature and pose of figures • Girl seems to stare at spectator, giving a sense of realism • Clothing implies social class • Relationship between the two? • Parasol? • General impression?

5. Blind Man´s Bluff --1789

6. Etchings after Velázquez Las meninas 1773

7. Saint Francis of Borgia at the Deathbed of an Impenitent -- 1788 • “The most sharply accurate vision of the collapse of the great religious and monarchic traditions of the West” • Turning point: first use of the fantastic • Emphasis on sinner’s naked body, expression • Restless agony vs. pious zeal • Rejection of idealized concept of expression (Neoclassicism) • Emphasis on extremes

8. Portraits • Rich clothing • All the insignias of royalty, powdered wig • Face? Impression? • Critique? Charles IV -- 1789

9. Queen María Luisa -- 1789 • Rich royal clothing • Royal insignias • Hair and hat? • Face? • Personality? • Attitude of Goya towards her?

10. The Straw Mannequin -- 1791

11. Second Stage, after losing his hearing • Yard of lunatics – 1793 • Images of madness • Enclosure • Continuation of tendency begun with Saint Francis of Borgia • Alienation and despair • Movement • Use of light • Chaotic jumble of bodies

12. The Caprichos (Caprices) 1799 • Series of 82 etchings • Satirizing all aspects of society: • Aristocracy • Church • Greed • Prostitution • Marriage • Folly • Cruelty • Etc.

13. Descendant of donkeys

14. Love and Death

15. Caprice 43 • Marks a change in the series • The Sleep/Dream of Reason Produces Monsters • Neoclassical or Romantic? • The sublime • Nightmare visions

20. 1808 – 1814 Napoleon and the War of Independence The 3rd of May, 1808

21. The 3rd of May, 1808 • Conformity of soldiers, power conveyed by abstract shape • Victims cover their eyes, pray • Center: man with outstretched arms = crucifixion • Concentration of light, color on man

22. The disasters of the war • Set of 82 etchings • Realities of war: • Violence • Savagery • Rape • murder

24. The Colossus – between 1808-1812 • Ambiguity of giant • Ignorant, arrogant prince? (Ferdinand VII) • Mountains= the powerful • Donkey=nobility • Hercules who rises up against Napoleon? • Buried to above the knees • Back to spectator • Closed eyes

25. Ferdinand VII • El deseado (1814) • Period of absolutism (1814-1820), persecution of liberals • 1820-1823 constitutional monarchy (Intervention of 100,000 Sons of Saint Louis) • 1823-1833 Ominous Decade

26. Disparates or Proverbs (1816-1823) • Not published until 1864 • Last great series of etchings • Gives himself up to the irrational, nocturnal, fantastic, grotesque and terrifying Disparate del miedo [fear}

27. Los ensacados [In sacks]

28. The Inquisition -- 1816

29. Black Paintings– 1820-1823 The witches’ Sabbath

32. Dog on a leash or Dog fighting against the current

33. Fight with Cudgels Stephen Mark

34. The Milkmaid from Bordeaux • Goya in exile in Bordeaux • Girl has a melancholy, dreamy, far away gaze • Color: greens and blues • Influence on Impressionists