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The Urine Specimen

The Urine Specimen. Specimen Integrity. Represent patient status Inappropriate specimen Appropriate specimen. All Urine samples must include the following information. Patient Name Chart or Medical Record # Patient Identification # Sample or Requisition # Date and Time of Collection.

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The Urine Specimen

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  1. The Urine Specimen

  2. Specimen Integrity • Represent patient status • Inappropriate specimen • Appropriate specimen

  3. All Urine samples must include the following information. • Patient Name • Chart or Medical Record # • Patient Identification # • Sample or Requisition # • Date and Time of Collection

  4. Collection of Urine Specimens • Random • First morning • Postprandial • Fasting

  5. Urine Specimens • Clean catch midstream • Timed • Catheterized specimens • Supra-pubic aspirate • Chain-of-custody collections

  6. U-bag

  7. 24-hour Collections

  8. Urine Containers • Two Types • Clean • Sterile

  9. What is this thing we call urine? • 95% Water • 3% Urea • 2% Excess solutes (salts)

  10. Increase: pH nitrite bacteria turbidity Decrease: glucose ketones bilirubin urobilinogen Changes which occur in unpreserved urine:

  11. Specimen Preservation • Refrigeration • Retards bacterial growth • No interference with chemical tests • Chemicals • Most interfere with at least one or more urine chemical tests

  12. Physical Properties • Color • Clarity or appearance • Specific Gravity

  13. Urine Color • Urochromes give urine it’s characteristic color • Some foods and medications give colors to urine • Disease states may alter urine color • Normal colors are straw, light yellow, yellow, dark yellow • Color varies with urine concentration

  14. Abnormal Urine Colors • Red: RBCs, hemoglobin, foods • Brown: old blood

  15. Amber: bilirubin • Bright orange: medication (pyridium)

  16. Green: medications

  17. Appearance • Report as clear, hazy, cloudy, or turbid • Nonpathogenic causes for cloudy urine: • amorphous phosphates and urates • crystals • epithelial cells and mucous • Pathogenic causes for cloudy urine: • RBCs and WBCs • bacteria • casts

  18. Turbid Urine

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