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Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Characteristics of an Acid/ Base. List at least three characteristics of an acid. List at least three characteristics of a base. . Acid Nomenclature. If the anion ends in ’ ide ’, the acid is named as: If the anion ends in ’ate’, the acid is named as:. Hydro - stem - ic

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Acids and Bases

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  1. Acids and Bases

  2. Characteristics of an Acid/ Base • List at least three characteristics of an acid. • List at least three characteristics of a base.

  3. Acid Nomenclature • If the anion ends in ’ide’, the acid is named as: • If the anion ends in ’ate’, the acid is named as: • Hydro - stem - ic • HBr - hydrobromic • stem - ic • H2CO3 - carbonic

  4. Naming Acids • HBr • H2CO3 • HI • H2SO4 • H3P • HNO3

  5. Write The Formula • Hydrofluoric acid • Phosphoric acid • Hydronitric acid • Chloric acid • Acetic acid

  6. Base Nomenclature • Those bases containing metal cations and hydroxide anions are named like other ionic compounds. • NaOH - sodium hydroxide • Fe(OH)3 - Iron hydroxide

  7. Writing base formula/ names • Barium hydroxide • Lithium hydroxide • Aluminum hydroxide • Ca(OH)2 • KOH • Bi(OH)3

  8. Base Nomenclature • Those bases that are related to ammonia can be named as the amine of the alkyl hydrocarbon group attached to the nitrogen. • Remember roots names for the first 10 hydrocarbons

  9. Base Nomenclature • Examples • ammonia is NH3 • Methylamine is CH3NH2 • Ethylamine is C2H5NH2 • Pentylamine would be: • C8H17NH2 would be named: • Can you make a list of the first 10 names and formulas?

  10. The pH scale • The pH scale is a logarithmic scale (?) used to express acidity or alkalinity of a solution. It depends on the relative amounts of H+ and OH- ions in the solution.

  11. The pH Indicators • Color Indicators • Specific - change color only once at a specific pH. (phenolphthalein) • Universal Indicators - change colors gradually as the pH changes. (certain plant extracts)

  12. Body Fluids • Blood = 7.4 • Gastric Juice = 0.7 • Urine = 6.0 • Pancreatic Juice = 8.1 • Cerebrospinal Fluid = 7.3 • Saliva = 7.0 What conclusions can be made?

  13. Calculating pH • pH = -log [H+] What is the pH of a solution with a 1 x 10-4 (0.0001) H+ ion concentration? • -log (1x10-4) = 4 • What about the pOH?

  14. pOH • Indicates the concentration of hydroxide ions in a solution.

  15. pH and pOH • pH + pOH = 14 • So if the concentration of H+ is 1 x 10-4 and pH = 4 • It also means the OH-1 concentration is OH-1 is 1 x 10-10 and pOH = 10 • This solution is acidic because H+ > OH-.

  16. Complete the following table

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