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The simplest Matter

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Explore atomic number, mass number, isotopes, atomic mass, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Learn terms like protons, neutrons, and electrons and the experiment theories of Dalton, Thomson, and Rutherford.

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The simplest Matter

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  1. The simplest Matter Sci 11.2

  2. Atomic number: • Number of protons in an atom • Ex: all Cl atoms have 17 p+

  3. Question 1

  4. Mass number: • sum of protons and neutrons in an atom • Ex: 35Cl (chlorine 35) 17 p+, 18 n 37Cl (chlorine 37) 17 p+, 20 n

  5. Question 2

  6. Isotopes: • Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons • Ex: 35Cl, 37Cl, protium, deuterium, tritium p+ n p+ p+ n n Isotopes of hydrogen

  7. Question 3

  8. Atomic mass (weight): • Average mass of isotopes of that element • Ex: 76% Cl is 35Cl, 24% is 37Cl avg. is 35.45 37Cl 24.2% 35Cl 75.8%

  9. Question 4

  10. Metals: • Shiny or metallic luster • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Solids at room temp. (except Hg) • Malleable

  11. Question 5

  12. Nonmetals: • 97% of your body • Usually not shiny • Lousy conductors • Many are gasses • brittle

  13. Question 6

  14. Metalloids: • Characteristics of metals and nonmetals • used to make semiconductors

  15. Question 7

  16. 19 K 39.098 Atomic # Atomic symbol Atomic mass

  17. Question 8

  18. Question 9

  19. Question 10

  20. term symbol, definition / description Element Electron Proton Neutron Electron cloud - matter made of only 1 kind of atoms - cannot be broken down to simpler substance - e-, negatively charged subatomic particles - outside nucleus, much smaller than a p+ - p+, positively charged subatomic particles - inside nucleus - n, neutral subatomic particles - inside nucleus n - areas around nucleus - where electrons are most likely found

  21. Theorist type of experiment, how he pictured an atom Dalton Thomson Rutherford No experiments Atom is a hard sphere (like a BB) Magnet with cathode ray tube Electrons in atom like plums in pudding Shot alpha particles through gold foil Nucleus with protons and neutrons

  22. term definition / description Atomic number Isotope Mass number Atomic mass Metals Nonmetals Metalloids - different for every element - number of p+, equal to e- if no charge - same element with different number of n - sum of protons and neutrons - average mass of all isotopes - shiny, good conductors of heat and elec. - solid at room temp, malleable/ductile - opposite metals, dull, bad conductors, brittle - in between metals and nonmetals - some shiny, some used for semiconductors

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