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Estonia

Estonia. Size: 45 227 km² (size of Netherlands) Population: 1,4 million Neighbours: Russia, Latvia, via Baltic Sea - Finland and Sweden History: independent country since 1991 (after “singing revolution”). Estonia. Type of state: Parliamentary democracy

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Estonia

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  1. Estonia • Size: 45 227 km² (size of Netherlands) • Population: 1,4 million • Neighbours: Russia, Latvia, via Baltic Sea - Finland and Sweden • History: independent country since 1991 (after “singing revolution”)

  2. Estonia • Type of state: Parliamentary democracy • President: Arnold Rüütel since 2001 • Government: coalition of centre right (Res Publica), liberal centre (Government Reform Party) and left wind rural party (People’s Union) • Legislature: Single chamber Parliament of 101 members, last election March 2003

  3. Estonia Relations with EU : • 1995 – Europe Agreement (Association Agreement) • 16 September 2003 – Accession referendum – 66,84 % in favour (turnout 64%)

  4. Estonia Specific features: - most advanced applicant country regarding information technology, - 20% of the population is either stateless or possess different citizenship than Estonian. - Ethnic status is very mixed – only 67,9% of Estonians, 25,6% of Russians and the rest consists of various others (Finns, Belorussians, Ukrainians).

  5. Slovenia • Size: 20 000 km² (like Wales or Israel) • Population: 2 million • Neighbours: Austria, Italy, Croatia, Hungary • History: Independence from Yugoslavia since June 1991 (after ten-day war with Yugoslav People’s Army)

  6. Slovenia • Type of state: Parliamentary democracy • President: Janez Dmovšek since 2002 • Government: Liberal Democrats (Prime Minister Anton Rop) • Legislature: 90-member State Assembly and 40-member State Council

  7. Slovenia Relations with EU: • 1993 – Co-operation Agreement • 1996 – Association Agreement • 23rd of March 2003 – Referendum on EU Accession 90 % in favour, (turnout 60%)

  8. Slovenia Specific features: • the only EU candidate country from former Yugoslavia • GDP per capita higher than Greece, close to Portugal (16,990 Є) • lower unemployment than France or Germany • tourism is a major industry

  9. Hungary • Size: 93,036 km² • Population: 10,2 million • Neighbours: Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Former Yugoslavia, Croatia, Slovenia • History: 1956 – revolution against communist regime ; 1990 – first free parliamentary elections, 1991 – leave of Soviet soldiers

  10. Hungary • Type of state: Republic, Parliamentary democracy • President: Ferenc Madl, since August 2000 • Government: left-liberal coalition of the Hungarian Socialist Party and the Alliance of Free Democrats • Legislature: unicameral system – Parliament of 386 members

  11. Hungary Relations with EU: • 1991 – Association Agreement with EC • 12th April 2003 – referendum on accession – 83,76% in favour (turnout 45,6%)

  12. Hungary Specific features: • 13 officially recognised minorities (German, Gypsies, Croats, Slovacs, Romanians, Bulgarians, Greeks, Polish, Armenian, Rutherns, Serbs, Ukrainian) • one of the lowest unemployment rate in candidate countries (5,8%)

  13. Hungary Position on Constitution • Every Member State should have one Commissioner • The rotating presidency principle of the Council should be maintained • Enhanced cooperation allowed if more than half of Member States involved • A paragraph on the rights of national and ethnic minorities should be included in the Preamble of Constitution or in the Charter of Human Rights

  14. Poland • Size: 312 685 km² • Population: 38,654 million(similar to Spain) • Neighbours: Germany, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Belarus, Russia, Lithuania • History: 1989 – first free elections after 10 year Solidarity movement, 1997 new Constitution

  15. Poland • Type of state: Parliamentary democracy • President: Aleksander Kwaśniewski, (for second time) • Government: coalition of Social Democrats with Labour Union and People’s Social Party • Legislature: bicameral Parliament – Sejm of 460 members and Senat of 100 members

  16. Poland Relations with EU: • 1989 – Co-operation Agreement • 1991 – Association Agreement • 7th of June 2003 – referendum on Accession – 57% in favour (54% turnout)

  17. Poland Specific features: • the biggest candidate country, • the longest outside border • the biggest population, • big agriculture – but not very efficient • 70% economic activities from developing private sector

  18. Poland Position on Constitution: • Refusal to change the Nice voting system in the Council • one commissioner per country • reference to Christian traditions in the preamble requested

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