1 / 25

Secession 101

Secession 101. Moving toward a Big World of Small Countries?. Heather McCormic. Outline. Defining Secession Defining Norms Premise for the Study Case Studies Findings Further Research. Defining Secession. Secession.

ova
Télécharger la présentation

Secession 101

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Secession 101 Moving toward a Big World of Small Countries? Heather McCormic

  2. Outline • Defining Secession • Defining Norms • Premise for the Study • Case Studies • Findings • Further Research

  3. Defining Secession

  4. Secession • Secession is the process by which a population subset claims formal autonomy over an occupied territory and removes itself from its parent state by redrawing political boundaries. • Secession begins with revolution

  5. Why Secession Occurs • Grievances and opportunity lead to revolution • Grievances: • State fails to provide for population • State is corrupt or supports unpopular economic and social arrangements • State represses population • State instability or collapse • Relative deprivation “Misery matters.” --Cynthia McClintock

  6. Why Secession Occurs • Opportunity: • State has weak police force, internal conflict, or failing infrastructure • Population overcomes its collective action problem • No fear of regime due to inability to repress, or reassurance of numbers • Communications

  7. Why Secession? • Why populations choose to secede rather than pursue internal reform or regime change is debated • Self-determination as the motivation for secession • Nationalism and nation-state status • Anti-colonial sentiment, or the desire for sub-state or representative self-determination

  8. Defining Norms

  9. Norms • Regulative norms order and constrain behavior • Constitutive norms create new actors, interests, or categories of action

  10. Norm Development

  11. Premise for the Study

  12. Why Secession Matters • Secession is the main mechanism for new state creation • All inhabitable land is claimed • Traditional colonialism has ended • State and international level ramifications • It is an important phenomenon to evaluate using all three major International Relations perspectives

  13. Case Studies

  14. Structure of the Independent Study • Pre-WWI Legacy and Interwar Wilsonianism • Norway • Finland and the Aaland Islands • WWII and Decolonization • Biafra • Bangladesh

  15. Structure of the Independent Study • Post-Cold War and Humanitarianism • The Baltics • Yugoslavia • Georgia • South Sudan

  16. Wilsonianism • Finland andthe Aaland Islands • 1917: Finland recognized by Russia, Sweden, France, and Germany • 1920: Aaland Islands not recognized after appeal to League of Nations

  17. Decolonization • Biafra and the Igbo people • Attempted coups evolved into a plea for secession • 1966: Igbo massacre • States’ responses varied • 1967: Independent region • 1970: Absorbed into Nigeria

  18. Post-Cold War • South Sudan • Southerners’ relative deprivation • 1972: Addis-Ababa Agreement • 1983-2005: Civil war • 2005: Comprehensive Peace Agreement • 2011: Southern secession

  19. Findings

  20. Conclusions • Secession, while being the primary avenue for state creation, will not be a frequent occurrence in the future • However, the international community will more readily recognize states formed through secession • The new humanitarian norm will supersede the old norm of maintaining the territorial integrity of the parent state

  21. Further Research

  22. Where from here? • Why populations pursue secession in particular • How the admission of states formed via secession altered the balance in the League of Nations and United Nations • What regional norms were established (in the European Community, African Union, etc.)

  23. Acknowledgements • Professor David Dessler • Professor Katherine Rahman • My Liege, Professor Dennis Smith • Family and Friends • Mom and Dad

  24. Thank you. Questions?

More Related