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Explore the historical background and key events of Greek history from the Bronze Age to the Roman conquest, including the Trojan War, Dark Ages, Classical Period, and Hellenistic era. Learn about Greek religious practices and symbolism in city-states, mountains, and the sea.
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CLA/SRS 3333Religions of the Graeco-Roman World Jitse H.F. Dijkstra
Historical background: Greek history Bronze AgeMinoan Civilization 3000-1200 BCMycenean Civilization (1600-1200) Trojan War? ‘Dark Ages’ca. 1000: Dorian immigration into Greece 1200-750(Spartans and on Peloponnese); Ionians (e.g. Athens), Aeolians Archaic Period 776: first Olympic games 750-500 Rise of the City State (polis); colonization of Italy (‘Magna Graecia’) Homer, Hesiod Classical Period 490-479: Persian Wars: Herodotus 500-323 431-404: Peloponnesian War: Thucydides sophists; Socrates/Plato; tragedy writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides; comedy: Aristophanes struggle between states
Greek History (next) Aristotle 338: Macedonia wins battle of Chaeronea; 336: Phillip dead 336-323: his son, Alexander the Great conquers the world Hellenistic 323: division of Alexander’s empire: Ptolemies in Egypt; Period Seleucids in Persia; Antigonids Greece 323-30 BC 148: Macedonia Roman 146: sack of Corinth; Greece Roman province 64: conquest of Syria; 30: conquest of Egypt 27: start Roman Empire under Augustus (27 BC-AD 14) Knowledge Greek Religion: mostly Classical and Hellenistic Period!
2. Mountain: where you don’t live 3 symbolic connotations in myth: • outside/wild (you get raw materials from there: Argo; strange creatures: Centaurs live there; hunting ground: myth of Aktaion) • ‘before’ (Deukalion and Pyrrha survive flood on Mt Parnassos) • Reversals: place to meet gods (Aktaion), where mad women live (maenads) Rule: what is often ‘real’ in myth is symbolic in ritual, e.g. maenads were in reality not mad but taking part in women’s rituals outside of the male-dominated world!
