Ceramic 2 dimensional 3 dimensional r elief

2. Ceramic 2 dimensional 3 dimensional relief Objects made of clay fired sufficiently high in temperature for a chemical change to take place in the clay body, usually over 1550 degrees F. images that are flat and can be described in terms of height and width. The images can represent the illusion of real space and are viewed from the front. forms that have many sides and can be described in terms of depth, width and height. The forms actually occupy real space, and should be viewed all around. a sculpture surface that has been carved – like a penny face

3. Four Ceramic building methods Coil method Pinch method Slab method pottery One of the oldest ways of forming pottery. Long strands of clay which are laid on top of each other and joined through blending coil to coil. Coil pieces can be almost any shape or size. Starting with a ball of clay the potter opens a hole into the ball and forms a bowl shape through a combination of stroking and pinching the clay. Many coil-built pieces are constructed on top of a pinched bottom. Clay slabs are cut to shape and joined together using scoring and wet clay called slip. Slabs can be draped over or into forms, rolled around cylinders or built up into geometric forms. Large forms are difficult because of stresses on the seams and because the slab naturally sags. A piece of clay is placed on a potter's wheel head which spins. The clay is shaped by compression while it is in motion.

4. Types of Clay Greenware Bisqueware Stoneware Glaze This refers to ceramic ware that has not been fired unglazed ceramic after the first firing A strong, hard, vitrified ware, usually high-fired above 2,200 F, in which the claybody and glaze mature at the same temperature, forming an integrated clay-glaze layer. This high-firing process brings the clay to a point of maximum solidification without danger of distortion, creating pieces very suitable for kitchenware and other functional pieces. a glass-like surface coating for ceramics that is used to decorate and seal the pores of the fired clay

5. Stages of Clay (Wet to Dry) Wet clay Slip Plastic clay Leather hard Bone dry Shrinkage clay that is freshly mixed and very damp clay that has been mixed with water into a creamy consistency clay is easily manipulated and bent A damp condition of the clay when it is too firm to bend yet soft enough to be carved. No visible moisture - no dampness to touch - Clay is ready to be fired when clay dries or is fired it will shrink in size

6. Clay Techniques Wedging Slipping & Scoring Process of kneading the clay with the hands to remove air-bubbles a method of joining two parts of clay together by scratching the two surfaces and spreading slip between them as “glue.”

7. Firing clay Firing Kiln Cone Kiln furniture Clay is hardened by heating it to a high temperature, fusing the clay particles. Primitive pottery is usually fired on the ground or in pits with whatever flammable material is available. Kilns allow a more efficient use of materials and more control over the atmosphere during a firing. The two basic atmospheres, oxidation and reduction, affect the color of the final piece. The furnace in which ceramics are fired. Kilns can be electric, natural gas, wood, coal, fuel oil or propane. Materials used to heat the kiln can affect the work; wood ash can build up on the surfaces of a piece and form a glaze at high temperatures (pyrometric cone) These are slender pyramids of ceramic material made in a graded series to melt and indicate when a firing is nearly completed or completed. In an automatic cutoff kiln, they trip a switch when they melt to cut the kiln off. shelves, posts and stilts that are used to support ceramic in the kiln, shelves need to be coated with a wash to prevent glazed pieces from sticking to shelves

8. Clay Tools Clay needle Fettling knife Rib or Kemper tool Surform Stamp Roller a clay tool used to poke wholes in clay, scratch and pick up crumbs off of a clay piece, and for many other clay studio applications Long tapered knife useful for trimming cast or pressed pieces, for separating mold components, and for many other clay studio applications. a metal, wood, or rubber clay tool used to scrape off bumps and smooth clay surface a small tool with grated teeth to smooth bumps and lumps in clay surface or edges a small tool with a design that is used to press a design into the clay surface a long tool with a design carved on the outside to be rolled onto the surface of the clay

9. Clay Tools Carving tools Paddle Looped tools Slab roller Pug mill a metal or wood clay tool used to create relief, carve designs into, or smooth the clay surface a wood tool used to shape a soft or medium-leather-hard piece by gently hitting with a wooden paddle (sometimes textured) to create flat facets or to resolve irregularities in the surface. a tool with looped metal shapes on the end of a wooden handle, used to carve out and hollow clay a table with a roller and canvas that you place a body of clay on and then roll out to form a slab a machine that recycles used clay (dry clay needs to be soaked in water)

10. Parts of a Sculpture or Vase Mouth Neck Body Foot The opening at the top of a base or sculpture The (usually) narrower part that leads from the body of the sculpture/vase to the mouth This is the main part of the sculpture/vase. It is usually the largest part This is the part of the vase that meets the table/floor.