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LITHUANIAN STUDIES

LITHUANIAN STUDIES. ILONA RINKEVI ČIENĖ Centre of Foreign Languages. Introduction. LITHUANIA - LIETUVA. Lithuania is a republic in northeastern Europe. It covers 65.300 sq. km and is the largest of the three Baltic nations. Its population is about 3 million. STATE EMBLEM - VYTIS.

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LITHUANIAN STUDIES

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  1. LITHUANIAN STUDIES ILONA RINKEVIČIENĖ Centre of Foreign Languages Introduction

  2. LITHUANIA - LIETUVA Lithuania is a republic in northeastern Europe. It covers 65.300 sq. km and is the largest of the three Baltic nations. Its population is about 3 million

  3. STATE EMBLEM - VYTIS It dates back to 1366, the time of Grand Duke Algirdas, and became an emblem of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the beginning of the 15th century. In 1918 Vytis became the symbol of statehood of Lithuania.

  4. FLAG OF LITHUANIA yellow stripe - the sun, Lithuania's fields of wheat and prosperity; green - the country's forests, flora and hope; red - the blood spilt for independence, courage and the people's love for Lithuania.

  5. A FEW HISTORICAL FACTS 7th - 2nd centuries BCThe first Baltic tribes established themselves on what it is now known as the territory of Lithuania. 11th centuryThe word Lithuania was first used in written texts (1009 AD).

  6. 13th century Duke Mindaugas united local chieftains to defeat the Livonian knights at the battle of Saulė in 1236,thus establishing the state of Lithuania. Embracing Christianity for political reasons he was crowned Lithuania's one and only king in 1253.

  7. 14th century Grand Duke Gediminasinvited European merchants and other notaries to his new capital in 1323, the accepteddate of the founding of Vilnius. Threatened by enemies from both the East and the West, Grand Duke Jogailasecured a dynastical pact with Poland. The dynasty ruled over the Polish-Lithuanian kingdom for almost two hundred years.

  8. In 1410 Polish - Lithuanian armies led by Jogaila and Grand Duke Vytautas defeated the Teutonic knights at the battle of Tannenberg / Grünwald / Žalgiris. By 1430 the Lithuanian lands extended from the Baltic to the Black Sea.

  9. Tannenberg/Grunwald battle (painted by J.Mateika)

  10. 16th century The Renaissance brought marked cultural advances: printing of the first Lithuanian book in1547, founding of Vilnius University in1579. The priviledge of the foundation was granted by Stephan Bator who ruled Lithuania in 1576-1586.

  11. At the Union of Lublin in 1569 the Polish - Lithuanian kingdom was formally merged into a commonwealth (Rzeczpospolita)headed by an elected monarch

  12. 18th century The Livonian wars with Russia and Sweden drained the Commonwealth's resources. Weakened by internal dissent it fell victim to a partitioning between Russia, Austria and Prussia. In 1795 Lithuania became part of Russia.

  13. 19th century Tsarist rule brought strict censorship and forced Russification. A ban was imposed on Latin script forcing the smuggling in of books from neighbouring Königsberg (now known as Kaliningrad, and ironically part of Russia). Patriotic unrest lead to the 1863 national uprising.

  14. 20th Century The First World War brought hope of a Lithuanian autonomy, and under the German tutelage of 1915 - 1918 the Lithuanian Council (Taryba)proclaimed the Republic of Lithuania on February 16, 1918(Independence Day).

  15. Lithuanian independence ended with the secret signing of the 1939 Molotov - Ribbentropp act between Hitler and Stalin, who carved up spheres of influence in Eastern Europe. Lithuania was subjected to Soviet and Nazi occupation in turn.

  16. In more than 4 decades of forced Soviet assimilation Lithuania never lost its identity. In June 1988 the Reform Movement Sąjūdis founded by a few hundred representatives of the intelligentsia, advocated “openness, democracy and sovereignty”. On23 August 1989 two million Lithuanians, Latvians and Estonians joined their hands in a human chain stretching 650kmbetween Vilnius and Tallinn in protest of the 50th anniversary of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact.

  17. On 11March 1990the Supreme Council declared the restoration of Lithuania’s independence

  18. In 1991 (Feb 12)Iceland became the first country to recognise the independence of Lithuania. In 1991 (Sept 17)three Baltic countries were re-admitted into the UN. In 1993theLithuanian pre-war currency litas was restored. In 1993 the last Russian soldiers left Lithuania. In 2004 Lithuania joined NATO and the EU.

  19. Lithuanian Studies (in English) H255B001 Week 1. Needs analysis, planning course activities 2-3. Sightseeing in Kaunas, the city of our studies. Discussion 4-5. Brief outline of history of Lithuania 6-7. Towns and cities of Lithuania. Presentations 8. Education system in Lithuania. Comparison with your own education system 9. Education system in Lithuania - mini conference. 10. Customs and traditions in Lithuania. Compare with your country’s customs and traditions 11. Customs and traditions - mini conference 12. Visits to Kaunas museums 13-14. Project work 15-16. Project presentations

  20. You will learn more about us if you come to this course. Thank You!

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