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Title. The Operculum Movement O f A Bony Fish On Different Conditions of Water. Introduction. The operculum of a bony fish is the hard bony flap covering and protecting the gills. In most fish, the rear edge of the operculum roughly marks the division between the head and the body.

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  1. Title The Operculum Movement Of A Bony Fish On Different Conditions of Water

  2. Introduction The operculum of a bony fish is the hard bony flap covering and protecting the gills. In most fish, the rear edge of the operculum roughly marks the division between the head and the body.

  3. Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater). Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.

  4. Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water. In almost all cases the effect is damaging not only to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities. Some species tends to adapt to their nature or habitat, without permanent effect on their biological structure. In different conditions of water. In this studythe movement of a Bony Fish specie operculum is observed and analyzed to where the fish is more capable to live.

  5. Objective/Problem This study aimed to: • 1. Determine which pollutant is more dangerous to Bony fish specie: • A. Ice • B. Detergent Powder • 2. Determine the breathing/operculum movement of the fish specie. • 3. Determine if the fish will survive after period of time in different conditions of water.

  6. Hypothesis • Alternative -The Bony fish species are more capable to adapt and live on ice – water mixture than detergent powder – water mixture. • Null -The Bony fish species are more capable to adapt and live on powder – water mixture than water – ice mixture.

  7. Materials/Methods Materials : 2 Thermometers 3 Cylinders 10 ml Detergent 1 Graduated Cylinder 3 Fishes 200g Ice Tap water: 600 ml Stirring Rod

  8. Methods • Two cylinder, with equal amount of water. The temperature was calculated/taken. • Ice was submerged on cylinder B, its temperature was calculated/taken. The fish in cylinder A was submerged for 2 minutes, Its operculum movement was observed. • The fish was submerged in cylinder B, Its operculum movement was observed. • 10 ml of detergent was added to cylinder A, it was mixed by using a stirring rod. • The fish was submerged in the mixture. Its operculum movement was observed.

  9. Results & Discussion • For two minutes of thermometer submersion in two different cylinders both 600ml in volume the taken temperature was both 27deg Celsius. • Then ice was immersed in cylinder B. Displacing 200ml of water changing its volume to 800ml and temperature to – 20deg Celsius. • The fish was first placed in cylinder A for two minutes. In the first minute, the fish has 5 operculum movement/second (fps). After one minute, the operculum movement was changed to 3 operculum movement/second (fps).

  10. The fish was placed in the icy water cylinder B. After 54 seconds, it has one operculum movement/second. 3 seconds later, the fish’s operculum was inactive. • The fish was removed to the cylinder and was transferred toanother cylinder of pure tap water immediately, to bring back its active condition. • The fish survived 4 seconds after its shifted to another cylinder. • 10 ml detergent was droppedtocylinder A, it wasmixed using a stirring rod.

  11. The fish was immersed in the mixture, in its first minute underwater, the fish is observed to be stable until 20 seconds, the fish was suffocating. • Then 20 seconds after, internal bleeding was observed in the gill filaments and lamella it starts to appeared outside. • And 17 seconds after, the whole gill was separated from its skin the fish died.

  12. Conclusion Therefore, the fish specie tends to live/survive and is possible to adapt at cold situations than polluted water.

  13. References • Newton, David (2008).Chemistry of the Environment. Checkmark Books • U.S. Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). Washington, DC • National Handbook of Conservation Practices. Accessed March 28, 2009 • types of sewage. Encyclopaedia Britannica Online. N.p., 2009. Web. October 9

  14. Authors Inahid, Rudvic L. Fabrero, Joelli Mary S. Sulima, Von Jono T. Valdez, Joani Marie S.

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