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Organic Chemistry

Explore the world of alkenes and alkynes, learn about geometric isomers, addition reactions, naming conventions, and the differences between saturated and unsaturated compounds. Discover the significance of double and triple bonds in organic molecules.

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Organic Chemistry

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  1. Organic Chemistry Alkenes and Alkynes Geometric Isomers of Alkenes Addition Reactions

  2. Saturated and Unsaturated Compounds • Saturated compounds (alkanes) have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon atom • Unsaturated compounds have fewer hydrogen atoms attached to the carbon chain than alkanes • Unsaturated compounds contain double or triple bonds

  3. Alkenes • Carbon-carbon double bonds • Names end in -ene • H2C=CH2 ethene (ethylene) • H2C=CH-CH3 propene (propylene) • cyclohexene

  4. Alkynes • Carbon-carbon triple bonds • Names end in -yne • HC CH ethyne(acetylene) • HC C-CH3 propyne

  5. Naming Alkenes and Alkynes • When the carbon chain has 4 or more C atoms, number the chain to give the lowest number to the double or triple bond. 1 2 3 4 CH2=CHCH2CH3 1-butene CH3CH=CHCH3 2-butene CH3CH CHCH3 2-butyne

  6. Learning Check HA3 • Write the IUPAC name for each of the following unsaturated compounds: • CH3CH2C CCH3 CH3 • CH3C=CHCH3 2-pentyne 2-methyl-2-butene 3-methylcyclopentene

  7. Cis and Trans Isomers • Double bond is fixed • Cis/trans Isomers are possible

  8. Hydrogenation • Adds a hydrogen atom to each carbon atom of a double bond H H Ni H H • H–C=C–H + H2  H–C–C–H H H ethene ethane

  9. Products of Hydrogenation • Adding H2 to vegetable oils produces compounds with higher melting points • Margarines • Soft margarines • Shortenings (solid)

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