Engineering Environment in Pakistan Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical Engineers

1. Engineering Environment in Pakistan Changing Role of Chemical / Mechanical Engineers

2. Contributors to Engineering Scenarios Manufacturing Industries Process Industry Govt. Legislation + Taxes Consumers Goods & Formulations Industry Govt. Statistics Availabilities of Raw material and Utilities Regional Opportunities Issues Of Environment Business & Financing Market Imports / Exports Human Resource Technical / Engg. Universities

3. Economic Indicators of the Country

4. Continue…

5. Future Visual Domain of an Engineer

6. Major Issues in the West • Design for Safety (Changing practices) • Sustainable Development • Environment • Ergonomics • Research and Development • Other challenges include • Resource recycling • Energy conservation • Energy storage • Alternative energy

7. 1. Design for Safety • Acceptable risk • Residual risk • Risk assessment • Potential risk • Hazard

8. Inherent Safety Strategies(& Intrinsic Safety) • Minimize….use smaller quantities of hazardous substances ( Minimize storage/inventory,pipe sizes,vessel sizes,buffer capacities. It significantly reduced fire & explosion index, risk index, etc.) • Substitute…. replace a material with less hazardous substance • Moderate ….use less hazardous form/conditions for using substances (liquid/solid/pellet/pastes) • Simplify….design processes & facilities to avoid unnecessary complexity that are tolerant to human error. • Layer protection….equipment can fail and people can make mistakes, whatever training is undertaken. Build safety at designing stage is desired in layers. • Intensification of processes….high intensity mixers, spinning disks, compact exchangers, micro reaction technology, structured catalyst and better control. The probability of accidents is to be reduced and ultimately eliminated If an accident can happen it will !

9. 2. Sustainable Development • Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present generationwithout comprising the ability of future generation to meet their own needs. • Sustainable development is not a fixed state of harmony, but a process of change in which the exploitation of resources, direction of investment and the orientation of technology are constituent with the present & future. • Some of the drivers for sustainable development are • Environmental issues • Socio-economic issues

10. Sr. No. System Major discipline involved 1 World biotic and abiotic Ecology, politics, physics, Chemistry 2 Social infrastructure Social science, politics, economy, law, ecology, civil-engineering, city, architecture and landscape 3 Industrial complex Civil Engineering, economics, law 4 Process / Unit operation Chemical Engineering 5 Equipment Chemical and Mechanical Engineering 6 Catalyst Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering Typical Examples for Sustainability • Use of high chimneys to avoid acidic flue gases. • CFC effects ozone layer replaced with HFC • MTBE replaced in gasoline instead of TEL. Today the Technology has to deal with different system levels, e.g.

11. 3-5 Environment Ergonomics and R & D Similarly the issues of Environment, Ergonomic Design & Development is the focus of Research and Development. The availability of new technology, measurement techniques and customers demand is leading to Research & Development to enhance suppliers capability. Suppliers Capability Customers Demand

12. A typical Model for Sustainable Development with System based tools for Environmental Managements is ARTICULATION OF PEOPLE’S VALUES Technological Options SYNTHESIS Recognize Problem Economic Appraisal Define & Frame Scientific Assessment Implementation Analysis Formulate Objectives Risk Assessment Review DECISION

13. Major Issues in Pakistan • Men, Money, Machines & Information • Manufacturing Processes • Innovations • Research and Development

14. 1(a). Human Resource (Men) Proper Education & Training is desired.

15. 1(b). Financial Resource • The money supply in the country has been irregular. • The financial institutions are not mature as that in the region. • The Government procedure are too cumbersome.

16. 1(c). Machines & Information

17. 2. Manufacturing Processes

18. 3-4. Innovations and R & D • Research on indigenous problems. • Solution oriented innovations. • New development based on research.

19. “Every Problem is an Opportunity” The Opportunity we are going to address in this seminar is targeted to. “Design and Development in Chemical/ Mechanical Engineering”

20. Some of the Design Organizations in Pakistan • DESCON • JGC • Haseeb Waqas Engineering Limited • Pakistan Steel Fabricated Co-operation Limited, Karachi • HMC, Taxila • Pakistan Aeronautical Complex

21. Some of the Fabrication Companies in Pakistan • DDFC • HI Tech • HMC • Machine Tool Karachi • Karachi Shipyard • Technique Engineering Services, Lahore • Petrosin • A. Karim & Sons (Pvt) Limited • Chenab Engineering • Crown Engineering • Material Craft • Matchless Engineering (PVT) Limited • Engineering Associates • SG Engineering Limited

22. Process Design Methods • Manual • Computer Aided Changing Role of Design Engineer • Product development is a cross-functional knowledge-intensive work that has become increasingly important in the fast-paced globally competitive environment. • The traditional role of design engineers in product development was limited to technical design decision. As product development efforts use cross-functional teams and knowledge sharing, the Design Engineers are required to do more and to know more. • As a firm shifts towards integrated product development, the functions (R & D, marketing, engineering and manufacturing etc) operate in a collaborative manner. Barriers to communication are removed, Knowledge is properly transferred and complex problems are resolved in a timely manner. (A diagrammatical relationship is shown on next slide)

23. Clarity of Projects Targets (Clarity) Role Change of Design Engineers (RCDE) Product Development Productivity (DEVPROD) Shared Knowledge about Customers (SKCUST)

24. Role of Engineer in Equipment Fabrication • A Project Manager (A leader & Integrator) • A Specialist (Source of Knowledge) • An Inventor (Creativity & Innovation)

25. Major Human Skills Desired

26. Average Importance of Skills

27. Engineers as Opportunity Generators • Acquiring Technology. • Innovation Chain. • Linking Research with Market. • Networking. • Strategic Alliances.

28. Some of factors that contribute to a unique opportunity for Pakistan are: • Hardworking, educated cheap human resources. • Liberal financial policies for investment. • Software Design through establishment of Design Centres/ Companies. • Fabrication of equipment at significantly cheap rates.

29. Way Ahead • Equip the human resource with the desired technical knowledge and skills • Provide opportunity of work in the country through local and international collaboration. • Establish design and development capabilities in the country (like design centers being established in India, China and far east) • Development of pro-active approach in all domains with proper legislation for effective quality assurance and safe operating opportunities for continuous development.