Take out a piece of paper

1. For each of the next six slides, write down the following for each slide: Age of the person Marital status Job/Career Level of education Two adjectives that describe that person Take out a piece of paper

2. Subject # 1

3. Subject #2

4. Subject #3

5. Subject #4

6. Subject #5

7. Subject #6

8. Studying the way people relate to others. Attitude Attraction Group Behavior Social Psychology Aggression

9. Physical Appearance • Judgments frequently made based on appearance- more positive qualities to those better looking WHY? • “Beauty is more than just in the eye of the beholder; people do judge & treat others with whom they interact based on attractiveness” (Langlois et al. 2000) • 1977 Study- Impact of Beauty & It’s Self-Fulfilling Nature Person Perception- how we form impressions of others

10. Attraction 5 Factors of Attraction

11. 1. Physical Attractiveness • Physically attractiveness predicts dating frequency (they date more). • Matching Hypothesis • 1990 Study of Average Faces

12. Which person would you want to have a long term relationship with?

13. What is beauty?

14. 2. Beauty and Culture Obesity is so revered among Mauritania's white Moor Arab population that the young girls are sometimes force-fed to obtain a weight the government has described as "life-threatening".

15. 3. Proximity • Geographic nearness Mere exposure effect: • Repeated exposure to something breeds liking.

16. 4. Reciprocal Liking • You are more likely to like someone who likes you. • Why?

17. 5. Similarity • Opposites do NOT attract. • Birds of the same feather do flock together. • Similarity breeds content.

18. Attribution Theory • Tries to explain how people determine the cause of the behavior they observe. It is either a…. • Situational Attribution (external) • Dispositional Attribution (Internal)

19. Attribution Theory • Tries to explain how people determine the cause of the behavior they observe. It is either a…. • Situational Attribution • Dispositional Attribution And • Stable Attribution • Unstable Attribution

20. Fundamental Attribution Error Self-Serving Bias Individualistic V. Collectivistic Cultures Actor-Observer Bias- you view your own behavior different than someone else

21. Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination Stereotype: • Overgeneralized idea about a group of people; type of social schema Prejudice: • Biased attitude; Ethnocentrism is an example of a prejudice. Discrimination: • Biased action.

22. How does prejudice occur? 1. Thought-saving device 2. Operant Conditioning 3. Observational Learning 4. Just World Phenomenon- world is just and people deserve what they get 5. In-Group versus Out-Groups; In-Group Bias A class divided

23. Prejudices can often lead to a…. Self-Fulfilling Prophecy • A prediction that causes itself to be true. • Rosenthal and Jacobson’s “Pygmalion in the Classroom” experiment.

24. Combating Prejudice Contact Theory • Contact between hostile groups will reduce animosity if they are made to work towards a superordinate goal.

25. Attitude and Behavior • relatively stable organization of beliefs, feelings, & behavior tendencies Cognitive Dissonance Theory • People want to have consistent attitudes and behaviors….when they are not they experience dissonance (unpleasant tension). • Usually they will change their attitude. The teacher was really bad so in that class it is OK. You have a belief that cheating on tests is bad. But you cheat on a test!!!

27. Attitude and Behavior • Effort Justification (type of CD)- you give a lot but receive little in return so to justify why you gave so much you rate it more favorably • Relate to cults

28. Attitudes & Persuasion • Advertising is ALL based on attitude formation. • Mere Exposure Effect • Elaboration Likelihood Model- 2 basic “routes” to persuasion • Central Route v. Peripheral Route

29. Compliance Strategies • Foot-in-the-door phenomenon • Door-in-the-face phenomenon • Norms of reciprocity • Low Ball Technique

30. How groups affect our behavior?

31. Prosocial Behavior • Kitty Genovese case in Kew Gardens NY. Bystander Effect: • Conditions in which people are more or less likely to help one another. In general…the more people around…the less chance of help….because of… • Diffusion of Responsibility Pluralistic Ignorance • People decide what to do by looking to others. video

32. Social Facilitation Theory • If you are really good at something….or it is an easy task…you will perform BETTER in front of a group.

33. Candid camera Conformity Studies • Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard.

34. Asch’s Study of Conformity Asch

35. Asch’s Results • About 1/3 of the participants conformed. • 70% conformed at least once. To strengthen conformity: • The group is unanimous • The group is at least three people. • One admires the group’s status • One had made no prior commitment

36. Milgram’s Study Of Obedience Milgram

37. Results of the Milgram Study

38. What did we learn from Milgram? • Ordinary people can do shocking things. • Ethical issues…. • Would not have received approval from today’s IRB (Internal Review Board).

39. Social Loafing • The tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling efforts toward a common goal than if they were individually accountable.

40. Group Polarization • Groups tend to make more extreme decisions than the individual.

42. Groupthink The Challenger • Group members suppress their reservations about the ideas supported by the group. • They are more concerned with group harmony. • Worse in highly cohesive groups.

43. Deindividuation • People get swept up in a group and lose sense of self. • Feel anonymous and aroused. • Explains rioting behaviors.

44. Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study • Illustrated the power of the situation • College subjects were assigned the role of a prisoner or guard for a make-shift prison • Subjects experienced a loss of identity and transformed into their roles