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The Sleep Quality and Quantity of PMEB in Hong Kong Presentation of Survey Findings

香港大學民意研究計劃 The University of Hong Kong Public Opinion Programme. The Sleep Quality and Quantity of PMEB in Hong Kong Presentation of Survey Findings. Presentation Outline: By Dr. Chung Ting Yiu (Data Analysis). Research Methodology and Contact Information

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The Sleep Quality and Quantity of PMEB in Hong Kong Presentation of Survey Findings

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  1. 香港大學民意研究計劃 The University of Hong Kong Public Opinion Programme The Sleep Quality and Quantity of PMEB in Hong Kong Presentation of Survey Findings

  2. Presentation Outline: By Dr. Chung Ting Yiu(Data Analysis) • Research Methodology and Contact Information • The Sleeping Habits and Patterns of HK’s PMEB • Sleep Deprivation and its Effects among HK’s PMEB • Knowledge on Quality Sleep among HK’s PMEB

  3. Outline of presentation: By Dr. Chung Ka Fai(Analyses and Comments) • Signs of Sleep Deprivation among PMEB • Occurrence of Insomnia and its Effects among PMEB • Improving the Quality of Sleep • Great Sleep Strategies

  4. Contact information Date of Survey: April 24-26, 2002 Target Population: Local professionals, managers, executives and businessmen (PMEB) aged between 25 and 55 Survey Method: Telephone survey with interviewers Sample Size: 531 successful cases Effective Response Rate: 79.8% (Based on the target population) Sampling Error: Less than 2.2%

  5. The Sleeping Habits and Patterns of PMEB

  6. Self-reported adequacy ofsleep quantity

  7. Respondents’ getting out-of-bed time

  8. Respondents’ going-to-bed time

  9. Respondents’ bedtime(Combined data)

  10. Number of hours of sleep

  11. Activities before bedtime (Percentage of respondents)

  12. Time needed for falling asleep

  13. A recapitulation • Most respondents got up at 6-7am on weekdays, and 8-9am during weekends. • Most of the respondents went to bed during 11pm-00am, for both weekdays and weekends. • On average, respondents slept for 6 hours on weekdays. They slept for 7 hours and 15 minutes at weekends, which is 1 hour and 15 minutes more than that of weekdays. • Watching TV was the most popular activity within the hour before sleep, as revealed by 60% of the respondents.

  14. Sleep Deprivation and its Effects among PMEB

  15. Frequency of mid-night awakening(s)

  16. Reasons for mid-night awakenings(Percentage of respondents)

  17. Methods used to fall asleep again at times of mid-night awakenings or insomnia (Percentage of respondents)

  18. Experience of back pain in the morning

  19. Reasons for back pain in the morning(Percentage of respondents)

  20. Experience of prolonged bad-quality sleep

  21. Bad-quality Sleep: Effects on daily lives(Percentage of respondents)

  22. A recapitulation • Three-quarters experienced prolonged bad-quality sleep. • A quarter woke up twice or more every night. • If awaken, or suffering from insomnia, slightly more than 30% would lay in bed doing nothing. • About 60% experienced back pain in the morning. • Of those who experienced prolonged bad-quality sleep, 70% believe their performance at work was affected.

  23. Knowledge on Quality Sleep among PMEB

  24. Criteria for quality sleep (Percentages of respondents)

  25. Ways of improving the quality of sleep(Percentages of respondents)

  26. Experience of improving the quality of sleep

  27. Methods used to improve the quality of sleep(Percentages of respondents) (N=192)

  28. Reasons for not attempting to improve the quality of sleep (Percentages of respondents) (N=320)

  29. A recapitulation • A significant number of respondents regarded uninterrupted sleep till a specified time as the key criterion of quality sleep. • One-third believed a total relaxation of mind before going to bed was effective in improving the quality of sleep. • 22% had no ideas of how to improve the quality of sleep. • More than 60% have never tried to improve the quality of sleep, in which 72% of them believed it was not necessary.

  30. Comments on Research Findings By Dr. Chung Ka Fai, Assistant Professor Department of Psychiatry, HKU

  31. Signs of Sleep Deprivation among PMEB • Occurrence of Insomnia and its Effects among PMEB • Improving the Quality of Sleep • Great Sleep Strategies

  32. Amount of sleep is insufficient among PMEB (1) • Nearly half (48%) agreed that their amount of sleep is insufficient.

  33. Amount of sleep is insufficient among PMEB (2) • 71% often needed to sleep longer during weekends. On average, they slept 1 hr and 15 minutes longer. • 60% often needed alarm clock or someone to wake them up in each morning and 42% had to struggle hard to wake up each morning. • 42% often dozed off while watching TV, 41% often dozed off at meetings. 35% often dozed off during rest after lunch or dinner. • Of particular importance, 53% of those who drove agreed that they sometimes were very sleepy while driving. • A high proportion of the PMEB (94%) had 1 or more signs indicative of insufficient sleep.

  34. Tests on the signs of sleep deprivation (Collapsed data)

  35. What is insufficient sleep andwhat is sufficient sleep? • Of course there is an individual variation in sleep requirement, some may need less and some require more • Although insufficient sleep does not cause harm to our health directly, the result of insufficient sleep, i.e. sleepiness can lead to: • motor vehicle and work-related accidents • impaired performance • neuropsychological dysfunctions, such as decreased creativity, logical thinking; emotional instability • poor quality of life

  36. What is a Quality Sleep? • An uninterrupted sleep • Appropriate sleeping time and hours • The sleep cycle

  37. Insomnia is common among PMEB • 35% of the respondents often require 30 minutes or more to fall asleep • 25% often wake 2 times or more during sleep • only half of the subjects (54%) report that they can sleep more than 85% of the time in bed • 43% had experienced insomnia consecutively for 3 or more days

  38. Insomnia affect their daytime function • Subjects who had experiences of insomnia for 3 days or more (43%) reported that their daytime function were affected. • Areas affected (in decreasing degree of influence) include • work performance (73%) • self-study (52%) • interest (44%) • exercise (43%) • social life (32%) • communication with family (32%), and • sex life (29%) • Insomnia not only affect our enjoyment on the next day and can perpetuate insomnia in the following night.

  39. A vicious cycle that perpetuate insomnia Unhealthy Sleep Habit Poor Sleep Impaired Daytime Function

  40. What can we do to improve our sleep? • Many people (48%) understand that they have insufficient sleep, but... • Many people (61%) had not tried to improve their sleep quality, in which 72% of them said they do not need to, … • Similar to having a good diet habit, a healthy sleep habit is important and easy to obtain: • adequate and regular sleep • regular relaxation activities - exercise, music, yoga, Tai Chi, etc • devoted the sleeping hours to “sleep”

  41. Great sleep strategies (1) • Value sleep • Exercise to stay fit • Keep mentally stimulated during the day • Eat a proper diet • Stop smoking • Avoid alcohol or caffeine • Maintain a relaxing atmosphere in the bedroom

  42. Great sleep strategies (2) • Avoid trying too hard to get to sleep • Clear your mind at bedtime • Limit your time in bed

  43. The End(Survey Findings soon be available at http://hkupop.hku.hk)

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