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A Tour of the Cell

A Tour of the Cell. Plant Cell. Eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, contain a nucleus and organelles Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts and other organelles Animal cells contain mitochondria and other organelles.

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A Tour of the Cell

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  1. A Tour of the Cell Plant Cell

  2. Eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells, contain a nucleus and organelles Plant cells contain a cell wall, chloroplasts and other organelles Animal cells contain mitochondria and other organelles Prokaryotic cells do not include a nucleus or specialized organelles, include bacteria See Figs 7.7 and 7.8 Cells

  3. The Nucleus • Found only in eukaryotic cells • Pores in the nuclear envelope allow for exchange of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm • Contains genetic material, DNA • Contains a nucleolus, site where parts of ribosomes are produced • See Fig. 7.9

  4. Nucleus

  5. Ribosomes • Free ribosomes (ribosomes in cytoplasm) • Bound ribosomes (ribosomes attached to endoplasmic reticulum) • Both carry out protein synthesis • See Fig. 7.10

  6. Endomembrane System • Many membranes are interrelated directly through physical continuity or indirectly through transport vesicles

  7. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Smooth E.R. (no ribosomes attached), synthesizes steroids, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium, and detoxifies liver cells • Rough E.R. (has ribosomes), manufactures proteins for secretion • Fig 7.11

  8. Endoplasmic Reticulum

  9. Golgi Apparatus • Finish, sort, and “ship” many products of the cell • Synthesize macromolecules • Store and export products of E.R. • Fig 7.12

  10. Golgi Apparatus

  11. Lysosomes • Digestive compartments • Recycle monomers from cell macromolecules • Digest substances ingested by phagocytosis • Fig 7.14

  12. Vacuoles • Storage compartments • Animal cells have food vacuoles • Plant cells have contractile vacuoles • Function to provide waste disposal, cell elongation, and protection • Fig 7.15

  13. Peroxisomes • Consume oxygen in various metabolic functions • Produce hydrogen peroxide as a waste product and then converts it to water • Fig 7.17

  14. Mitochondria • Sites of cell respiration in eukaryotic cells • Uses energy to restock cellular supply of ATP • Fig 7.18

  15. Mitochondria

  16. Chloroplasts • Contain chlorophyll and other pigments which function in photosynthesis • Found only in plant cells Fig.7.19

  17. Cytoskeleton • Provides structural support • Cilia and flagella aid in mobility • Intermediate filaments support cell shape and fix certain organelles in place • Table 7.2

  18. Extracellular Matrix • Found in animal cells • Function in support, adhesion, movement, and development • Consists of protein fibers and a proteoglycan complex attached to the cell membrane • Fig. 7.30

  19. Websites Test Yourself On Identifying the Parts of Cells Go to http://www.discoverbiology.com/cells/welcome.htm Click on “Self Test” On the left side of the screen. Try the “Drag and Drop” tests 6.2a, 6.2b & 6.2c Go to http://www.sigmaxi.org/amsci/articles/99articles/Hoppert.html Read the article and look at the illustrations.

  20. More Websites http://www.cellsalive.com

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