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International Institutions

International Institutions. Large and Powerful Organizations Make Policy Set the Rules Promote and Facilitate Globalization World Bank IMF World Trade Organization. International Criminal Court. Created in 2002

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International Institutions

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  1. International Institutions • Large and Powerful Organizations • Make Policy • Set the Rules • Promote and Facilitate Globalization • World Bank • IMF • World Trade Organization

  2. International Criminal Court • Created in 2002 • Prosecutions of individuals accused of genocide, war crimes or crimes against humanity. • Operates independently of UN • The United States does not submit our criminals to the ICC • Maximum sentence – life imprisonment • Tried to Prosecute President Bush (This is why it may be controversial)

  3. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs) • Funded by Member Nations • LARGE organizations • EXAMPLES: UN, WTO, NATO • May be established for a specific purpose • May be UN Agencies • Unicef • UN High Commission for Refugees17

  4. Goal of UN IGOs • Raise Awareness of Problems • Increase Local Capability • Train Local Personnel • Rarely Carry Out Programs on the Ground

  5. The World Bank • Provides low interest loans to developing countries for education, agriculture and business projects. • Goal is to promote “inclusive, sustainable growth.” • “End Poverty”

  6. International Monetary Fund • Monitors/Stabilizes currency markets • Makes it different from (WTO or World Bank) • Provides loans to developing countries to stabilize markets • Goal is to “facilitate international trade, while promoting economic development.”

  7. World Trade Organization • Establishes global rules of trade between nations • Framework for trade policy: • Non-discrimination (all members treated equally) • Binding enforceable commitments • Transparency • Not part of UN system • Predecessor was GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)

  8. NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1949 • Intergovernmental Military Alliance • Reflects Cold War divisions • Response to threat from Soviet Union (Warsaw Pact countries) • Mutual defense if attacked by outside power •     Afghanistan / NOT Iraq • Post Cold War: Intervention - Military Training - Disaster Relief • Kosovo/Libya

  9. The European Union 1993 • Union of 27 European States • Single market  - 26% of global GDP • Open borders (Travel and Trade Easier) • Common environmental policy • Common market • Cooperation on security matters • Reciprocity between court systems • European Parliament & Court of Justice

  10. The European Union 1993 • The Euro • Common currency 1999 • 17 of 27 members and other non-members (not UK) • Central Banking System • Currently; a strong currency pulled down by economic problems from some member nations.

  11. Non-Governmental Organizations • Operate independently from government • Some well known NGOs are • The Red Cross • Habitat For Humanity • Amnesty International • Doctors Without Borders • CARE • Oxfam • Green Peace • Grameen Bank

  12. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) • Other Roles • Can provide relief following a disaster • Can call attention to polluters and environmental issues • Can demand social justice and the release of political prisoners. • Can usually respond quickly

  13. The Work of NGOs • Social Justice • Humanitarian Aid • Economic Development • EnvironmentalPreservation

  14. What is the Advantage of NGOs? • More Flexible • More Focused • More Streamlined • Work Directly With the People “on the ground” • Can Be More Critical of Human Rights Abuses

  15. Economic Development • Microfinance Projects • A new approach to economic development • Small loans to needy individuals in developing areas • Goal is to promote entrepreneurship • Popular on Internet sites • Keeps money out of hands of corrupt governments / officials

  16. Economic Development • KIVA • Online Microfinance Projects • Creates a positive image • No starving babies • Poor people who work hard to support themselves • KIVA Video

  17. Economic Development • Grameen Bank • Founded by Muhammad Yunus (won Nobel Peace Prize) • Grameen – “rural” in Bengali • Microcredit – small loans to poor people (esp. for women) • Grameen Bank

  18. KIVA Entrepreneur

  19. Environmental Preservation • Greenpeace • Works to change attitudes and behaviors regarding the environment • Climate and energy (oil, nuclear) • Promotes safe fishing & anti-whaling • Sustainable agriculture (against toxic fertilizers & use of Genetically Modified Organisms) • Video About Greenpeace

  20. Funding for NGOs • Foundations • Grants • Donations • Fundraisers • Dues or memberships • Special interests (AARP) • Bequests • Tax advantages

  21. Problems With Funding • NGOs are not immune to fundraising and other financial scandals • A scandal in one organization taints the entire field • Fundraising for NGOs is a field in itself

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