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The Developing Person

The Developing Person. Chapter Four. Major Themes of Development. Nature/Nurture Continuity/Stage Stability/Change Physical, Mental, Social. Prenatal Development. Zygote Fertilized egg 100 cells in a week Differentiation Embryo After 10 days Attach to uterine wall Next 6 weeks

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The Developing Person

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  1. The Developing Person Chapter Four

  2. Major Themes of Development • Nature/Nurture • Continuity/Stage • Stability/Change • Physical, Mental, Social

  3. Prenatal Development • Zygote • Fertilized egg • 100 cells in a week • Differentiation • Embryo • After 10 days • Attach to uterine wall • Next 6 weeks • Organs begin to function: heart, liver • Fetus • 9 weeks • By month six, self sufficient enough to stand chance of survival

  4. Fetal Development • By end of sixth month • Responsive to sound • Mother’s voice studies • Teratogens • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) • Newborn – “a blooming, buzzing confusion” -WJ • Reflexes • Rooting • Babinski • Moro/ “Startle” Reflex • Voice Recognition/Mother Preferences

  5. Infant Cognitive Development • Piaget’s Copernican Revolution • The Basics • Schemas • Assimilation • Accomodation • Stage Theory • Cognitive Development • The following slides will outline each of Piaget’s stages . . .

  6. Sensorimotor Stage • Birth to 2 years old • The world is basically experienced through the senses and motor skills and their interactions with each other and with the environment • Object permanenceis lacked until about 6 months • Life without abstract thought • Modern research has fine tuned this stage • Newborns have more abilities than Piaget had expected

  7. Preoperational Stage • 2 to 6 years old • Moving away from simple sense and motor experience with the world, but still not quite abstract • Lack the idea of conservation • “real room” vs. model room studies • Children acquire conservation earlier than Piaget had expected • Children in the stage are Egocentric • They lack the ability to see the world through others’ eyes • “Three mountain” task • Children start to develop a theory of mind during this phase • “Me” vs. “You”

  8. Finally . . . • Concrete Operational Phase • 7 to 11 years • Begin to be able to comprehend mathematic equations • Need to have the “concrete” material to manipulate • Formal Operational Phase • 12 to adulthood • Purely abstract reasoning

  9. Infant Social Development • The Basics • Attachment • Separation anxiety/stranger anxiety • Secure vs. insecure • Ainsworth’s strange situation studies • Body contact • Harlow’s Monkey Study • Familiarity • Critical period • Konrad Lorenz/imprinting • Parenting • Authoritarian/Permissive/Authoritative • Day Care

  10. Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages

  11. Kohlberg’s Moral Stages • Preconventional (before 9 years) • Morality because of reward/punishment • Conventional (adolescence) • Morality for social good • Postconventional (????) • Morality for ultimate good • Carol Gilligan

  12. Freud’s Psychosexual Theory

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