Understanding Physiology: Homeostasis, Body Systems, and Data Analysis in Biological Research

1. General Physiology Bio 321 What is physiology? How does it differ from cell biology? Biochemistry? Ecology?

2. Figure 1-1

3. Physiology is studied from cellular to organismal level by body systems • What are the 10 major body systems? What is each of these systems responsible for?

4. Table 1-1

5. Which two systems are the primary control systems of the body? • nervous and endocrine • nervous and circulatory • digestive and nervous • endocrine and circulatory • endocrine and immune

6. Physiology is concerned with homeostasis, and how the body maintains it. What is homeostasis? • Think of a body process that is controlled within narrow limits (an example might be blood pH, which must be maintained within pH of 7.0 to 7.7). • What happens if there is an internal or external change in the process (for the above example it might be eating a high protein diet – external change – which causes production of more keto-acids, lowering blood pH)? • What does the body system do in the face of this external (or internal) change to keep the system within its limits? • What happens if the body system can not get back into the correct range?

7. Figure 1-4

8. Physiology is a science of data, with much of the information being displayed either in figures or tables Figure 1-5b

9. You are measuring growth (change in height) of the plant Arabidopsis at two different temperatures every day for a five-week period.When you graph the results, what is your dependent variable? • the species of plant • the temperature at which the plants are grown • the height of the plants • time when growth is recorded When you graph the results, what is your independent variable? • time when growth is recorded • the temperature at which the plants are grown • the species of plant • the height of the plants

10. Figure 1-7a

11. You are measuring growth (change in height) of the plant Arabidopsis at two different temperatures every day for a five-week period. The table below shows the data you collected. What kind of graph will be most appropriate for presenting the data? • Bar graph • Histogram • Line graph • Scatter plot • Pie chart Table 1: Average plant growth (in inches) during the five-week study period

12. Figure 1-7b

13. Figure 1-7c

14. Figure 1-7d

15. Figure 1-7e

16. Students studied the effects of the chemical acetylcholine (ACh) on heart rate in the crustacean Daphnia. Their data are shown below. Heart rate (bpm) AChAnimal 1 Animal 2Animal 3 1 x 10-2 25 30 29 1 x 10-3 22 24 26 1 x 10-4 18 18 21 The most appropriate graph for this data would have _____ as the x-axis label.The most appropriate graph for this data would have _____ as the y-axis label.The most appropriate graph type for this data would be a:Draw a rough representation of the graph

17. Table 1-2