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Integrative or Traditional Hypnosis Kevin Fourie Counselling Psychologist

Integrative or Traditional Hypnosis Kevin Fourie Counselling Psychologist. 63 Innes Street Lynnwood Glen Pretoria SA Society of Clinical Hypnosis. INTEGRATIVE TRADITIONAL CLINICAL HYPNOSIS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW FROM ARCHAIC TO MODERN HYPNOSIS

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Integrative or Traditional Hypnosis Kevin Fourie Counselling Psychologist

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  1. Integrative or Traditional HypnosisKevin FourieCounselling Psychologist 63 Innes Street Lynnwood Glen Pretoria SA Society of Clinical Hypnosis

  2. INTEGRATIVE TRADITIONAL CLINICAL HYPNOSIS HISTORICAL OVERVIEW FROM ARCHAIC TO MODERN HYPNOSIS THEORETICAL INFLUENCES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS

  3. Shamanic Healing Direct Suggestion: Mesmer Charcot Folk & Fairy Tales Conditioning: Pavlov Existentialism: Kierkegaard Sartre Frankl Visualization, metaphor & indirect suggestion Structuralism: Wundt Psycho- Analysis Jungian & Adlerian psychology Gestalt Visualization, metaphor & indirect suggestion Direct suggestion Cognitive behavioural strategies Ericksonian NLP Psychodynamic approaches hypnoanalysis

  4. SHAMANIC HEALING • Any discussion • Of the archaic origins of hypnosis must start with Shamanic healing. • All cultures have made use of some form of ritual healing by shamans or traditional healers. In the literature such rituals appear to largely comprise of direct suggestion. It is however, clear, that they also contained elements of symbolic and/or direct indirect suggestion. These rituals were assumed to stimulate subconscious healing energies within the patient, thus leading to healing. • As body-mind medicine and quantum theory (as opposed to Cartesian-Newtonian approaches) has developed, however, it became increasingly evident that a spiritual component to healing, which any form of shamanic ritual has at it’s core, must also be considered.

  5. DEVELOPMENT OF CLINICAL HYPNOSIS • Many other theorists and practitioners can be credited with influencing the development of the practical utilisation of hypnosis in healing, and the theoretical underpinnings of clinical hypnosis. • The father of scientific, practical, directive hypnosis is usually considered to be Frans Mesmer, who developed the theory of animal magnetism. He postulated that healing took place as the result of the flow of animal magnetism

  6. FAIRY TALES • Another area in which archaic influences of indirect suggestion can be found, is in fairy and folk tales, and fables. Bruno Bettelheim (l075) has examined the psychoanalytic aspects of fairy tales and their impact on child development. • The story is told of a young child, many years ago, about to undergo a dental procedure without anaesthetic. While the dental procedure was being carried out, the child’s father told him a story. He became so engrossed in the story, that he was totally oblivious to the work of the dentist. According to this story, the child’s name was Grimm, and the story was Snow White – apparently the origin of the Grimm fairy tales.

  7. THEORIES OF HYPNOSIS • Hypnosis as a trance or sleep state Related to relaxation and sleep As contemplative meditation • Physiological theories of hypnosis Partial cortical inhibition Primitive psycho-physiological state Neurological response of the hippocampus

  8. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY • The Overall Plan of the Hypnotic Session (Brown and Fromm, pp. 74 – 76) Induction Deepening Exploration Termination.

  9. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Strategies & Goals – Consider: • Age • Cognitive ability • Physical disabilities • Diagnosis • Resistance • Patient’s goals • Urgency • Commitment • Costs • The history • Available time

  10. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • The therapist • Professional training • Level of hypnotherapy training/expertise • Goals • Alleviation of symptoms • Cure • Realism • Growth • Awakening – God connectedness • There are only four solutions/possibilities • Continue as is • Change the other person(s) • Change self

  11. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Goal setting • Select a goal • Concretize the goal • Competing goals (relationship, health) • Present situation • Positive • Negative • Four decision steps in achieving the goal • Want to • Can do • Will do • Practise • Remember: One treats IN hypnosis, not WITH hypnosis

  12. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Treatment approaches in hypnotherapy • Symptomatic hypnotherapy: • Supportive or ego strengthening hypnotherapy: • Dynamic hypnotherapy: • Hypnotherapy for development deficits: • Hypnotic communication and suggestions • The Three Formative Aspects: Physical, Situational & Spiritual

  13. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • The Different Levels of Development: Physical, Instinctive/Emotional, Cognitive/Intellectual, Moral & Intuitive/Spiritual. • Continua of Emotional Reactions • Positive (Love): • Joy / happiness / enthusiasm • Calm / tranquility / contentment • Negative (Fear) • Fear • Anger • Apathy

  14. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Lateral and Vertical Cognitive and Affective Integration • Intelligence is the ability to “integrate” information into “structure” of meaning. (=Thoughts). Energy gets added to it to create reality (=become alive) (=Emotion). • The informational grid (=memory), is three dimensional, with a bi-directional (=vertical and lateral) pattern to form a pyramidal structure. • The lateral direction is the axis of the environmental awareness. • The vertical direction is the axis of integration, to create meaning.

  15. SECTION 2 • TREATMENT PLANNING & STRATEGY SELECTION IN HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Lateral and Vertical Cognitive and Affective Integration (Cont.) • COUCH IS “OUCH” • @ • * * • * * • @ @ • Baby crawls on couch Baby falls off = “ouch”

  16. SECTION 3 • THE SPECIAL HYPNOTIC RELATIONSHIP • Listening to Your Patient • Understanding the presenting problem. • Session planning • Utilising specific interests, key words and linguistic patterns • The hypnotic relationship • Hypnotic role • Communicative influence • The Here-and-Now strong interpersonal relationship • The therapeutic alliance in hypnosis • The special hypnotic transference • The clinical efficacy of hypnosis • Indications and contraindications • Respecting the ground rules of psychotherapy • A clinical assessment procedure

  17. SECTION 4 • DEPTH OF HYPNOTIC TRANCE AS RELATED TO THERAPEUTIC OUTCOME • Introduction • Views of depth of trance • Araoz and the new hypnosis • Induction • Depth • Suggestions • Watkins’ view • In conclusion

  18. SECTION 5 • HYPNOSIS & MEMORY • The Nature of Hypnosis and Memory • Introduction • The stages of memory • The effects of hypnosis on memory • Clinical context of hypnosis and memory • Guidelines for professionals • The Principles of Memory Recall • Memory creates reality. To change reality, memory needs to change. • Active memory is the information in the database that determines emotional state. • Passive memory is the information still available, but not incorporated into the reality experience.

  19. SECTION 6 • ADVANCED TECHNIQUES IN TRADITIONAL CLINICAL HYPNOSIS • Advanced Induction And Deepening Techniques • Sensory overlap • Leverage inductions • Pattern interruption • Overload • Incongruity • Personal power • The Use Of Partial And Full Amnesia In Hypnotherapy • To protect the conscious mind against “traumatic” memory. • To protect the conscious mind against “overload”. • Ideo-Sensory Signalling • Automatic Writing • Working With Archetypes • Working With Symptoms

  20. SECTION 7 • INTRODUCTION TO NEUROLINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING • A Brief History of NLP • Some of the tools in the NLP Toolbox • Belief Systems. • Physiology and State • Meta Model. • Outcomes. • Sensory Acuity. • Rapport. • Hypnotic Patterns. • Embedded Commands. • Future Pacing. • Value Hierarchy.

  21. SECTION 7 • INTRODUCTION TO NEUROLINGUISTIC PROGRAMMING (Cont.) • Some of the tools in the NLP Toolbox (Cont.) • Meta Programmes. • Negotiation/Sales. • Frames. • Pattern Interrupts. • Anchoring. • Reframing. • Strategies. • Submodalities. • Association/Disassociation • Calibration. • Change History.

  22. SECTION 8 • EGO STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES • Introduction (Hammond, pp. 109 – 110) • Direct suggestion • John Hartland (Hammond, pp. 147-149) • The addition of imagery (Stanton in Hammond) • Mastery (in Hammond) • Indirect suggestion (Erickson) • Seeding • Interspersal • Storytelling and metaphors • The co-operation principle (Gilligan)

  23. SECTION 8 • EGO STRENGTHENING TECHNIQUES (CONT.) • Projective/Evocative activation of inner resources: • May be direct or indirect and may be used with formal and informal trance. • Hypnotic age progression (Phillips and Frederick) • The inner strength technique (McNeal and Frederick) • Ideo-dynamic healing (Rossi and Cheek) • Kinds of ego strengthening suggestions: • General ego strengthening suggestions • Specific ego strengthening suggestions • Specific suggestions to foster a sense of self-efficacy

  24. SECTION 9 • DISSOCIATION • Introduction • Dissociated Diagnostic Techniques and Experiences • The Treatment of Dissociative Reactions. • Amnesia • Principles in treating amnesia • Multiple Personality • Strategy in treating multiple personalities • Specifiic tactics for implementing these strategies • Integration • Iatrogenic alters

  25. SECTION 9 • DISSOCIATION (CONT.) • Hypnoanalytic ego-state therapy • Ego and object cathexis • Introjection and Identification • Differentiation and integration • Ego States • The origin of ego states • Ego state therapy • Analytical reframing of ego states

  26. SECTION 10 • DIRECT SUGGESTION & COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY • Introduction • Direct suggestion can be considered to be “a suggestion as an idea, or group of ideas, proposed by the hypnotist to the subject that cause the subject to act as if the phenomenon for which the ideas stand actually exists” (Meyer, 1992). • Approaches intended to facilitate (Meyer, 1992) Symptom removal Symptom amelioration Symptom replacement or symptom substitution Providing information, and Disruption of symptom systems Development of more appropriate cognitive systems Maintenance of therapeutic gains.

  27. SECTION 10 • DIRECT SUGGESTION & COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Advantages of Cognitive Behavioural Hypnotherapy • Clinical Applications • Relaxation • Imagery • Behavioural practice • Successive approximation • Cognitive restructuring • Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET) and Hypnosis • Cognitive-Developmental Hypnotherapy • Clinical applications

  28. SECTION 10 • DIRECT SUGGESTION & COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL HYPNOTHERAPY (CONT.) • Reality Therapy • Theoretical assumptions, aims and goals of reality therapy • Principles of therapeutic intervention • Techniques for therapeutic intervention • The course of reality therapy

  29. SECTION 11 • PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF AGE REGRESSION & PROGRESSION AND THE WORKING THROUGH OF TRAUMA • Introduction • Regression • Spontaneous Regression • Precautions • Abreaction: A marked emotional or somatic reaction in regression. • Progression • Regression Therapy and Hypnosis • Introduction • Regression Techniques

  30. SECTION 11 • PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF AGE REGRESSION & PROGRESSION AND THE WORKING THROUGH OF TRAUMA (CONT.) • Techniques for Age Regression • Direct techniques • Affect bridge • Somatic bridge • Dissociation technique – TV and VCR with video tape • Other dissociative techniques • The Abreactive Process • Indications and contraindications • Steps in the abreactive process • Abreactive techniques • Techniques For Cognitive Reframing • The Use of Age Progressions

  31. SECTION 12 • HYPNOANALYTIC TECHNIQUES • Introduction to the use of Hypnoanalytical Techniques in Traditional Clinical Hypnosis. • The purpose of hypnoanalysis is to determine cause. The cause of any problem lies within the memory. Memory is essentially a database of the cause-effect cascade. • Cause has two components: • The informal component (the five senses structured in modalities and submodalities) • T he energy component (as positive and negative emotion)

  32. SECTION 12 • HYPNOANALYTIC TECHNIQUES (CONT.) • The hypnoanalytical techniques that can be used to transgress the barrier, can be: • Regression: by • Either the affect bridge approach (the most effective way) or • By following the informational cascades by a specific modality, e.g. • visual (television screen techniques) • auditory (“Become aware of the voice”, etc.) • kinaesthetic (“Allow the feeling of tightness to take you back,” etc.)

  33. SECTION 12 • HYPNOANALYTIC TECHNIQUES (CONT.) • The hypnoanalytical techniques that can be used to transgress the barrier, can be (cont.): • Automatic writing: A very effective technique to access information. • The use of metaphors, etc. • Guided and spontaneous imagery: • To create a fantasy of the “ideal you” to represent the ideal self. • the concept of the “Healer within” as an imagery

  34. SECTION 13 • DEALING WITH RESISTANCE AND TRANSFERENCE • Managing Resistance To Therapy • Causes of resistance Over-anxiety and fear of failure. Fear of the hypnotic state itself. Inadequate preparation before induction. • Defiance of authority and failure to establish rapport. • Fluctuating attention. • Need to prove superiority. • Physical discomfort. • Dislike of the method of induction employed. • Uncertainty on the part of the therapist. • Poor motivation and expectancy. • Fear of discovery. • Secondary gain.

  35. SECTION 14 HYPNOTHERAPEUTIC UTILIZATION OF VISUALIZATION, METAPHOR, INDIRECT SUGGESTION, IMAGERY, FANTASY, CONUNDRUMS, RIDDLES, PARADOX & DOUBLE BINDS

  36. SECTION 15 TRADITIONAL HYPNOTHERAPY AND DREAM ANALYSIS

  37. SECTION 16 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF TRADITIONAL HYPNOTHERAPY

  38. SECTION 17 IMPROVED MOTIVATION AND SUCCESSFUL PERFORMANCE: GROUPS AND INDIVIDUALS

  39. SECTION 18 TRADITIONAL CLINICAL HYPNOSIS AND SPORT

  40. SECTION 19 TRADITIONAL CLINICAL HYPNOSIS WITH CHILDREN

  41. SECTION 20 RESEARCH IN TRADITIONAL CLINICAL HYPNOSIS

  42. SECTION 21 SCRIPTS WORKING WITH GUILT I would like to speak to you today about sin....and guilt...and forgiveness...Now the interesting thing about sin...is that we’ve changed the meaning of the word lover time...If one returns to the original Hebrew texts...the early Hebrew texts...one finds that the word used for sin translates as “stupid”...It translates as meaning “not wise enough to have done otherwise”..but somehow...somewhere along the line we’ve shifted that meaning ...so that sin has come to mean ..evil..or wicked...or bad...and there is a big difference between being stupid ....and being evil... And that shift in meaning has had an unintended and tragic consequence...in that it has taken a very valuable resource that we have..and turned it into a vehicle of incredible destructiveness..because guilt was intended to be very valuable...and very useful...and very helpful...Guilt is meant to act as a sort of an early warning system...it is meant to be a vehicle assisting us to learn not to be stupid...to learn to become wise……

  43. SECTION 21 SCRIPTS (CONT.) THE LOVE CYCLE From the very earliest times...from way before we’re born...after we have been born...as children...and even as adults ..we have FOUR basic needs --- FOUR things that we need in order to survive. The first thing we need ...is oxygen. The 2nd thing we need...is food. The 3rd thing we need ...is warmth – physical warmth. The final thing that we need...is LOVE – emotional warmth...without any one of these FOUR basic needs...we can die. Now everybody knows and accepts without question that if you don’t have oxygen...you can die...that if you don’t have food...you can die...and...that if you don’t have warmth...you can also die. BUT what many people don’t realise...is that if you don’t have love...you CAN ALSO DIE…..

  44. SECTION 21 SCRIPTS (CONT.) THE ROAD OF YOUR LIFE As you sleep more & more deeply...deeper & deeper..you can dream a dream..you can dream that ..as you sleep more & more deeply ..you become lighter & lighter..becoming lighter & lighter...as you sleep more and more deeply...until you are sleeping so deeply...that you have become so light...that it begins to seem inevitable that..at some stage...you must simply drift away..and that experience seems so pleasant..so spontaneous...so enjoyable ..that when it actually happens...it comes as no surprise…..

  45. SECTION 21 • SCRIPTS (CONT.) • FORGETTING • Sometimes we forget to remember and sometimes we remember to forget. It may be a good idea to remember to forget, instead of forgetting to remember, because otherwise one may not remember whether one has forgotten to remember, or whether one has remembered to forget. It is definitely better to remember to forget consciously, what needs to be remembered subconsciously, so that the subconscious feels comfortable to remember and the conscious feels comfortable to forget, what needs not to be remembered”

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