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Experimental Testing of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Systems: The Pathways Project Overview

The Pathways Project at San Jose State University focuses on testing drift-sensitive nonstructural systems, including exterior façades, precast concrete cladding, and plumbing systems. The project, funded by NEES and managed by a team of experts from multiple universities, aims to analyze system behavior under seismic loading through static and cyclical tests. This extensive research, spanning from October 2006 to September 2011, involves rigorous specimen fabrication, the development of testing jigs, and data mining for structural analysis. Key findings will enhance the resilience of building systems in seismic areas.

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Experimental Testing of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Systems: The Pathways Project Overview

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  1. Experimental Testing of Drift-Sensitive Nonstructural Systems – Year 4 The Pathways Project San Jose State University Equip Site: nees@berkeley

  2. Project Management Team • Kurt McMullin – Structural Engineering • San Jose State University • Bozidar Stojadinovic – Structural Engineering • U.C. Berkeley • Winncy Du – Mechanical Engineering • San Jose State University • Thuy Le – Electrical Engineering • San Jose State University • Kathi Rai – Building Engineering • SensiBuild

  3. Drift Sensitive Systems of Buildings • Exterior façade. • Precast concrete cladding. • Glass punch-out windows. • Vertical plumbing riser. • Inflow riser. • Outflow riser. • Defined in FEMA-356 as nonstructural elements controlled by drift rather than acceleration.

  4. Project Overview • Static testing of one-story prototype of cladding, punch-out windows and plumbing. • Sensor testing of plumbing leakage. • Deconstruction of materials. • Data-mining and pre-processing for structural analysis.

  5. Timeline • Project runs from Oct 2006 to Sept 2011. • Main testing scheduled for Fall/Winter 2010. • Current phase: • Construction of specimen • Finalize instrumentation design • Fabrication of testing jig

  6. Column Covers • Spanning vertically between spandrels are the column covers.

  7. Column Covers

  8. Punch Out Windows • Completing the exterior enclosure are the windows, installed in the opening between panels.

  9. Test Specimen • One-story, One-bay articulated frame allows for no resistance from gravity/lateral load carrying system. • Specimen Design • Ground Floor – Tall panels that cover first floor of building • Typical Floor – Short panels that cover all floors above first floor.

  10. Test Specimen • Specimen Features • Engineering – panels and connections – to obtain strength and deformation data • Architecture – panels, connections, windows, grouting – to obtain aesthetic damage data and system interaction data.

  11. Test Specimen • Loading Protocols • Proto1 – Cyclic loading with increasing amplitude of drift – 10% max. • Proto2 – Displacement time history from 9-story LA SAC frame.

  12. Test Matrix – Ground Floor • Test 1 • Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 2 • Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 3 • Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

  13. Test Matrix – Typical Floor • Test 4 • Cyclic Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 5 • Time History Loading – Engineering Specimen • Test 6 • Cyclic Loading – Architecture Specimen

  14. Panel Construction • Panel formwork. • Flat panel and return panel.

  15. Panel Construction • Panel formwork. • Flat panel and return panel.

  16. Panel Pin Connection • Pin connection at base of flat panel. • Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

  17. Panel Pin Connection • Pin connection at base of flat panel. • Typical panel reinforcement – single layer.

  18. Casting Concrete • Casting of flat panels in early September 2010. • 5000 psi concrete. Photo taken by Bob Steed

  19. Casting Concrete • Casting of flat panels in early September 2010. • 5000 psi concrete. Photo taken by Bob Steed

  20. Finished Panels • Finished panels at fabrication yard. • Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA. Photo taken by Bob Steed

  21. Finished Panels • Finished panels at fabrication yard. • Casting done by Willis Precast in San Juan Bautista, CA. Photo taken by Bob Steed

  22. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face

  23. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Full-Width Flat Panel

  24. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Half-Width Flat Panel

  25. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Return Panel

  26. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face

  27. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face Slotted Connections

  28. Ground Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face Pin Connections

  29. Typical Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face

  30. Typical Floor Test Specimen - Interior Face

  31. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face

  32. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Loading Beam

  33. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Actuator on each side of loading beam

  34. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Reaction Wall

  35. Test Jig for Ground Floor Test Specimen - Exterior Face Out-of-Plane Bracing

  36. Seismic Resistance • Seismic joint at return panels. • Approximate width of 2 inches.

  37. Expected Progression of Damage • Closing of slip connection. • Spandrel above moves with upper level slab.

  38. Expected Progression of Damage • Closing of seismic gap. • Return panels tilt with out-of-plane frame. • Pounding between adjoining column covers.

  39. Expected Progression of Damage • Fracture of pin connection. • Overturning of column cover results in fracture of pin at base.

  40. Expected Progression of Damage • Crushing of window glass. • Tipping of column covers results in racking of glass panels.

  41. Expected Progression of Damage • Failure of push-pull connections and instability of out-of-plane panel.

  42. Developing Fragility Curves • Defining types of damage: i.e., window cracking, panel connection fracture. • Record drift when damage is first seen for each item of each test. • Plot probability that an event was seen by a certain level of drift.

  43. Limitations of Fragility Data • Limited sample size of test specimens. • Some events will not occur to each component before maximum drift of test is applied. • Mixture of tall panels & short panels, flat panels & return panels, large windows & small windows.

  44. Plans for Year 5 • Testing and data processing for main specimens. • Deconstruction and adaptive reuse of panels. • Verification of sensor technology. • Dissemination of findings. • Data transfer to repository.

  45. For More Information • We are constantly looking for collaboration on all aspects of the project. • Project Sponsored by National Science Foundation – Grant No. 619517. • Project website at: • http://www.engr.sjsu.edu/~pathway/ • Email me at: • kurt.mcmullin@sjsu.edu

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