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Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA)

Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA).

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Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA)

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  1. Adjustment Scales for Children and Adolescents (ASCA) • Contains 156 behavioral descriptions drawn from the language of teachers as compiled through interviews. Each behavioral description is presented with reference to 29 specific social, recreational, or learning situations in which a student’s adjustment to authority, agemates, smaller/weaker children, and various tasks may be observed.

  2. ASCA Contexts

  3. U. S. Structure of the ASCA

  4. Frequently Endorsed ASCA Items

  5. Least Frequently Endorsed ASCA Items

  6. Structure of the ASCA in Trinidad and Tobago • Attention-Deficit Hyperactive (ADH) • 19 items • Conduct Problems (CP) • 20 items • Underactivity (UN) • 28 items

  7. T & T ADH Factor Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Syndrome • 15 of 19 items overlap with U.S. sample • Reflect inattention, over-activity, impulsivity, and restlessness • 46% exhibited fewer than 2 ADH behaviors • Boys significantly higher than girls • African ethnic background higher than East Indian background • Reliability (internal consistency) of .84

  8. ADH Items

  9. T & T CP Factor • Conduct Problem Syndrome • 20 items • Depict irascible, aggressive, and confrontative behavior • Share 16% to 25% variance with ADH items • 64% had no CP items endorsed • African ethnic background higher than East Indian background • Reliability (internal consistency) of .83

  10. CP Items

  11. T & T UN Factor • Underactivity syndrome • 28 items • Describe shy, withdrawn, timid, fearful, and apathetic behavior • 56% had one or fewer UN item endorsed • No differences among gender, ethnic background, or grades • Reliability (internal consistency) of .81

  12. UN Items

  13. Reliability of ASCA Syndromes

  14. ASCA Administration • Completed by teacher with 30 to 40 school days experience with student in variety of situations • Forms for males and females • Completed in 10-20 minute session • Good to let teacher examine ASCA form before rating

  15. ASCA Scoring • Use ASCA Scoring Template • Place transparent Scoring Template over teacher-scored form • When valid ASCA item is marked, fill n corresponding box on ASCA Score Summary Sheet • Sum raw scores for all three syndromes • Convert raw scores to percentiles • Let’s practice

  16. ASCA Norms

  17. ASCA Interpretation • Guided by overall elevation of student scores on syndromes • Scores < 85 percentile -- adjusted • Scores of 85-94 percentile -- at risk • Scores ≥ 95 percentile -- maladjusted • Nature of items endorsed and syndrome • Individual items explored to better understand student’s situation • Some items are diagnostic alone • Positive endorsements should also be reviewed

  18. ASCA Limitations • Not a symptom checklist • Does not list all possible types of maladaptive behavior • Certain rare forms of behavior pathology require no confirmation across context • Not a measure of depression or anxiety • Only deals with problems that can be observed and reported by teachers

  19. Sample ASCA CaseJoe • Joe - male • Age - 7 • Grade - Infant 2

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