1 / 10

CHOLERA

CHOLERA. PRESENTED BY DR EZEOKPO BASIL CHUKWUMA DEPT OF MEDICINE FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTER ABAKALIKI. DEFINITION. THIS IS AN EPIDEMIC, ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEAL DISEASE CAUSED BY VIBRO CHOLERA. ORGANISM.

parker
Télécharger la présentation

CHOLERA

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. CHOLERA PRESENTED BY DR EZEOKPO BASIL CHUKWUMA DEPT OF MEDICINE FEDERAL MEDICAL CENTER ABAKALIKI

  2. DEFINITION • THIS IS AN EPIDEMIC, ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEAL DISEASE CAUSED BY VIBRO CHOLERA

  3. ORGANISM • VIBRO CHOLERA – Short, slightly curved, rapidly motile, darting, uniflagelated, gram negative bacteria. • SEROGROUPS – • 01 • 0139 – BENGAL SEROTYPES – OGAWA, INABA, HIKOJIWA BIOTYPES - CLASSICAL -- EL “TOR”

  4. EPIDEMICS • THE PRESENT PANDEMIC (7th ) • is due to EL “TOR” first recognized in • 1911 at EL TOR quarantine in the Persian Gulf • 1930s in the Celebes • 1970s in Africa • 1973 in Mississippi delta region • 1991 in Peru • Current epidemics are due to 0139 Bengal

  5. SPREAD AND SUSCEPTIBILITY • IT IS WATER BORNE – STOOL • In a setting of poverty, lack of safe water, natural disasters, refugee camps. • Contaminated food – raw, or undercooked shell fish and vegetables. • Susceptibility - In areas of yearly epidemics children of less than 5yrs are more susceptible to infection. In intermittent epidemics all age groups are equally affected. • Antacid, Proton pump inhibitors use, gastrectomies, Blood group O

  6. PATHOGENESIS • Incubation period of 12hrs to weeks • Attaches to brush borders of intestinal epithelium • Secretes exotoxin • Causes increased Adenylate cyclase activity • Leading to raised Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate levels • This leads to decreased reabsorption of Water, Sodium, Anions with consequent watery diarrhoea. • Fluid loss is an ultra filtrate of plasma, rich in K+ and Na+

  7. CLINICAL MANIFESTATION • Severe dehydration, shock in 4-6hrs, and death in 18hrs.

  8. DIAGNOSIS • High Index of suspicion – immediate treatment • Stool microscopy – no cells • Dark-field (motile uniflagetated) • Immobilization of 01, 0139 with antisera • Culture in thiosulfate citrate-bile salt-sucrose agar

  9. TREATMENT • Early and complete rehydration • Orally with starchy food hydrates – pap, cereals, rice water solutions. • In shock and coma give IV • IV large bore needle, 50-100ml/ until strong radial pulse • Less rapidly over the next 2 hrs • Fluid loss is 10% of body weight • Change early to oral/NG • Solutions • Dhaka solution • Ringer’s Lactate

  10. PREVENTION • SAFE WATER SUPPLIES • PERSONAL AND COMMUNITY HYGEINE • IN EPIDEMICS, STRICT HAND WASHING WITH SOAP AND WATER • CASE REPORTING • SURVEILANCE • ORAL VACCINE

More Related