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Yu-Min ZHAO [ 赵玉民 ] ( in collaboration with A. Arima[ 有马朗人 ] and N. Yoshinaga[ 吉永尚孝 ])

Regular structure of atomic nuclei in the presence of random interactions. Yu-Min ZHAO [ 赵玉民 ] ( in collaboration with A. Arima[ 有马朗人 ] and N. Yoshinaga[ 吉永尚孝 ]). 1 Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; 2 Center of Theoretical Nuclear physics, IMP, CAS, Lanzhou, China;

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Yu-Min ZHAO [ 赵玉民 ] ( in collaboration with A. Arima[ 有马朗人 ] and N. Yoshinaga[ 吉永尚孝 ])

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  1. Regular structure of atomic nuclei in the presence of random interactions Yu-Min ZHAO [赵玉民] (in collaboration with A. Arima[有马朗人] and N. Yoshinaga[吉永尚孝]) 1 Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China; 2 Center of Theoretical Nuclear physics, IMP, CAS, Lanzhou, China; 3 CCAST, CAS, Beijing, China

  2. Outline • A brief introduction of spin zero ground state (0 g.s.) dominance • Present status along this line 1. Main results on studies of the 0 g.s. dominance 2. Positive parity ground state dominance 3. Collectivity of low-lying states by using the TBRE 4. Energy centroids of given spin states • Perspectives * Some simpler quantities (e.g., parity positive g.s. dominance, energy centroids) can be studied first * Searching for other regularities (e.g., collectivity)

  3. A brief introduction to the problem of the 0 g.s. dominance

  4. Two-body Random ensemble (TBRE) • Wigner introduced Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random • matrices (GOE) in understanding the spacings of energy levels • observed in resonances of slow neutron scattering on heavy nuclei. • Ref: Ann. Math. 67, 325 (1958) • 1970’s French, Wong, Bohigas, Flores introduced two-body random • ensemble (TBRE) • Ref: Rev. Mod. Phys. 53, 385 (1981); • Phys. Rep. 299, (1998); • Phys. Rep. 347, 223 (2001). • Original References: • J. B. French and S.S.M.Wong, Phys. Lett. B33, 449(1970); • O. Bohigas and J. Flores, Phys. Lett. B34, 261 (1970). • Other applications: complicated systems (e.g., quantum chaos)

  5. Two-body random ensemble（ＴＢＲＥ） One usually choose Gaussian distribution for two-body random interactions There are some people who use other distributions, for example, A uniform distribution between -1 and 1. For our study, it is found that these different distribution present similar statistics.

  6. What does 0 g.s. dominance mean ? • In 1998, Johnson, Bertsch, and Dean discovered that spin parity =0+ ground state dominance can be obtained by using random two-body interactions (Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2749)． • This result is called the 0 g.s. dominance. • Similar phenomenon was found in other systems, say, sd-boson systems. • C. W. Johnson et al., PRL80, 2749 (1998); • R. Bijker et al., PRL84, 420 (2000); • L. Kaplan et al., PRB65, 235120 (2002).

  7. j=9/2, n=4 Why this result is interesting？．．．　．．．

  8. References after Johnson, Bertsch and Dean R. Bijker, A. Frank, and S. Pittel, Phys. Rev. C60, 021302(1999); D. Mulhall, A. Volya, and V. Zelevinsky, Phys. Rev. Lett.85, 4016(2000); Nucl. Phys. A682, 229c(2001); V. Zelevinsky, D. Mulhall, and A. Volya, Yad. Fiz. 64, 579(2001); D. Kusnezov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3773(2000); ibid. 87, 029202 (2001); L. Kaplan and T. Papenbrock, Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 4553(2000); R.Bijker and A.Frank, Phys. Rev. Lett.87, 029201(2001); S. Drozdz and M. Wojcik, Physica A301, 291(2001); L. Kaplan, T. Papenbrock, and C. W. Johnson, Phys. Rev. C63, 014307(2001); R. Bijker and A. Frank, Phys. Rev. C64, (R)061303(2001); R. Bijker and A. Frank, Phys. Rev. C65, 044316(2002); P.H-T.Chau, A. Frank, N.A.Smirnova, and P.V.Isacker, Phys. Rev. C66, 061301 (2002); L. Kaplan, T.Papenbrock, and G.F. Bertsch, Phys. Rev. B65, 235120(2002); L. F. Santos, D. Kusnezov, and P. Jacquod, Phys. Lett. B537, 62(2002); T. Papenbrock and H. A. Weidenmueller, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 132503 (2004); T. Papenbrock and H. A. Weidenmueller, Phys. Rev. C 73 014311 (2006); Y.M. Zhao and A. Arima, Phys. Rev.C64, (R)041301(2001); A. Arima, N. Yoshinaga, and Y.M. Zhao, Eur.J.Phys. A13, 105(2002); N. Yoshinaga, A. Arima, and Y.M. Zhao, J. Phys. A35, 8575(2002); Y. M. Zhao, A. Arima, and N. Yoshinaga, Phys. Rev.C66, 034302(2002); Y. M. Zhao, A. Arima, and N. Yoshinaga, Phys. Rev. C66, 064322(2002); Y.M.Zhao, A. Arima, N. Yoshinaga, Phys.Rev.C66, 064323 (2002); Y. M. Zhao, S. Pittel, R. Bijker, A. Frank, and A. Arima, Phys. Rev. C66, R41301 (2002); Y. M. Zhao, A. Arima, G. J. Ginocchio, and N. Yoshinaga, Phys. Rev. C66,034320(2003); Y. M. Zhao, A. Arima, N. Yoshinga, Phys. Rev. C68, 14322 (2003); Y. M. Zhao, A. Arima, N. Shimizu, K. Ogawa, N. Yoshinaga, O. Scholten, Phys. Rev. C70, 054322 (2004); Y.M.Zhao, A. Arima, K. Ogawa, Phys. Rev. C71, 017304 (2005); Y. M. Zhao, A. Arima, N. Yoshida, K. Ogawa, N. Yoshinaga, and V.K.B.Kota , Phys. Rev. C72, 064314 (2005); N. Yoshinaga, A. Arima, and Y. M. Zhao, Phys. Rev. C73, 017303 (2006); Y. M. Zhao, J. L. Ping, A. Arima, Preprint; etc. Review papers：　YMZ, AA, and N. Yoshinaga,Phys. Rep. 400, 1(2004); V. Zelevinsky and A. Volya, Phys. Rep. 391, 311 (2004).

  9. Present status of this subject 1. Present status of understanding the 0 g.s. dominance problem

  10. Phenomenological method by our group (Zhao, Arima and Yoshinaga): reasonably applicable to all systems • Mean field method by Bijker and Frank group: sd, sp boson systems (Kusnezov also considered sp bosons in a similar way) • Geometric method suggested by Chau, Frank, Smirnova, and Isacker goes along the same line of our method (provided a foundation of our method for simple systems in which eigenvalues are in linear combinations of two-body interactions).

  11. Our phenomenological method

  12. Our phenomenological method Let find the lowest eigenvalue; Repeat this process for all .

  13. Four fermions in a single-j shell

  14. Applications of our method to realistic systems

  15. Spin Imax Ground state probabilities

  16. Summary of understandingof the 0 g.s. dominance • By using our phenomenological method, one can trace back what interactions, not only monopole pairing interaction but also some other terms with specific features, are responsible for 0 g.s. dominance. We understand that the Imax g.s. probability comes from the Jmax pairing interaction for single-j shell (also for bosons). The phenomenology also predicts spin I g.s. probabilities well. On the other hand, the reason of success of this method is not fully understood at a deep level, i.e., starting from a fundamental symmetry. • Bijker-Frank mean field applies very well to sp bosons and reasonably well to sd bosons. • Geometry method Chau, Frank, Sminova and Isacker is applicable to simple systems.

  17. Other works Time reversal invariance Zuker et al. (2002); Time reversal invariance? Bijker&Frank&Pittel (1999); Width ? Bijker&Frank (2000); off-diagonal matrix elements for I=0 states Drozdz et al. (2001), Highest symmetry hypothesis Otsuka&Shimizu(~2004), Spectral Radius by Papenbrock & Weidenmueller (2004-2006) Semi-empirical formula by Yoshinaga, Arima and Zhao(2006).

  18. Present status of this subject 2. Parity distribution in the ground States under random interactions

  19. (A) Both protons and neutrons are in the shell which corresponds to nuclei with both proton number Z and neutron number N ~40; • (B) Protons in the shell and neutrons in the shell which correspond to nuclei with Z~40 and N~50; • (C) Both protons and neutrons are in the shell which correspond to nuclei with Z and N~82; • (D) Protons in the shell and neutrons in the shell which correspond to nuclei with Z~50 and N~82.

  20. Present status of this subject 3. Collective motion in the presence of random interactions

  21. Collectivity in the IBM under random interactions Taken from PRC62,014303(2000), by R. Bijker and A. Frank

  22. Taken from PRL84,420(2000), by R. Bijker and A. Frank

  23. Other works Shell model: Horoi, Zelevinsky, Volya, PRC, PRL; Velazquez, Zuker, Frank, PRC; Dean et al., PRC; IBM: Kusnezov, Casten, et al., PRL; Geometric model: Zhang, Casten, PRC;

  24. Our works by using SD pairs YMZ, Pittel, Bijker, Frank, and AA, PRC66, 041301 (2002). (By using usual SD pairs) YMZ, J. L. Ping, and AA, preprint. (By using symmetry dictated pairs)

  25. Present status of this subject 4. Energy centroids of spin I states under random interactions

  26. Other works on energy centroids • Mulhall, Volya, and Zelevinsky, PRL(2000) • Kota, PRC(2005) • YMZ, AA, Yoshida, Ogawa, Yoshinaga, and Kota, PRC(2005) • YMZ, AA, and Ogawa PRC(2005)

  27. Conclusion and perspective

  28. Regularities of many-body systems under random interactions, including spin zero ground state dominance, parity distribution, collectivity, energy centroids with various quantum numbers. • Suggestions and Questions: Study of simpler quantities: parity distribution in ground states, energy centroids, constraints of Hamiltonian in order to obtain correct collectivity, and spin 0 g.s. dominance

  29. Thank you for your attention! Acknowledgements: Akito Arima (Tokyo) Naotaka Yoshinagana (Saitama) Stuart Pittel (Delaware) Kengo Ogawa (Chiba) Nobuaki Yoshida (Kansai) R. Bijker (Mexico) Olaf Scholten (Groningen) V. K. B. Kota (Ahmedabad) Noritake Shimizu(Tokyo)

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